79 Questions
Which opioid receptor subtype is responsible for analgesia and respiratory depression?
μ2
What is a common adverse effect associated with Pethidine overdose?
Mydriasis
Which opioid receptor subtype is mainly located in the supraspinal region and is associated with affective behavior?
κ3
What is the primary use of Pethidine as mentioned in the text?
Analgesic as a substitute for Morphine
Which type of Opioid receptor stimulation is associated with dysphoria and psychomimetic effects?
κ3 receptor stimulation
Which type of Ca++ channels are suppressed, leading to hyperpolarization and reduced neurotransmitter release?
N type
Among the following endogenous opioid peptides, which one is mainly associated with analgesic activity?
Enkephalins
Which synthetic drug, structurally related to morphine, acts mainly on μ receptors and is used as a step in treating addicts due to its long half-life?
Methadone
Which opioid antagonist has an affinity for all opioid receptors (μ, δ, and κ) and can displace opioids bound to receptors?
Naloxone
Which semi-synthetic drug is made by acetylation of morphine?
Diamorphine
What is the primary pharmacological action of morphine on the central nervous system?
Inhibits excitatory transmitters release in the cortex
Which statement accurately describes the function of opioid analgesics?
Opioid analgesics selectively relieve pain by acting in the CNS
Which German pharmacist isolated morphine in 1803 and named it after the Greek god of Dreams?
Friedrich Wilhelm Serturner
What is the most prominent analgesic effect associated with morphine?
Strong analgesia for visceral pain
Which drug is commonly used to antagonize opioids in case of overdose?
Naloxone
In what way does morphine achieve its analgesic action at a supraspinal level in the central nervous system?
By altering processing and interpretation in the cortex
What is a common adverse effect associated with Pethidine use?
Respiratory depression
Which component of morphine's analgesic action involves inhibiting the release of excitatory transmitters from primary afferents?
Spinal component
Which of the following best describes the effect of opioids on pain relief?
Opioids selectively relieve pain by acting in the CNS
How do opioid analgesics interact with the body's opioid receptors?
They selectively bind to specific opioid receptor subtypes
What are the main effects that tolerance occurs to in opioids?
Respiratory depression, analgesia, euphoria, and sedative effects
What is the expected result of abruptly withdrawing opioid administration?
Rebound or withdrawal syndrome
Which medication can be substituted for morphine during detoxification due to its long half-life and ability to produce mild withdrawal syndrome?
Methadone
What is the function of Clonidine during opioid detoxification?
Decreases the severity of withdrawal syndrome by decreasing noradrenergic hyperactivity
What is the role of Lofexidine in opioid detoxification?
Aids opioid detoxification as a clonidine analogue
Which opioid receptor subtype is Pethidine most likely to act on based on the information provided?
Mu receptors
What is a potential disadvantage of using Buprenorphine for biliary colic treatment according to the text?
Sphincter of Oddi spasm
What is the primary reason for Tramadol being considered effective for postoperative pain relief?
Neuronal nor-adrenaline uptake inhibition
Which opioid receptor subtype is associated with causing less addiction and respiratory depression?
Kappa receptors
Which stage of labor is Pethidine most commonly used in?
First stage
Which opioid receptor does Pethidine primarily bind to?
Mu receptors
What is a common adverse effect associated with prolonged Pethidine use?
Seizures
In terms of sedation and analgesia, how does Pethidine compare to morphine?
Pethidine has little hypnotic effect compared to morphine
What is a significant difference between Fentanyl and Codeine based on their actions as described?
Analgesic efficacy
Which receptor type is NOT associated with the effects of Pethidine?
Sigma receptors
What is one common side effect of Pethidine administration related to the eyes?
Blurred vision
Which adverse effect is less intense and less frequent with Pethidine compared to other opioids?
Constipation
What is the primary use of Pethidine mentioned in the text?
Analgesic effects
Which effect does Pethidine NOT have compared to morphine?
Hypnotic effect
Which receptor subtype is NOT significantly impacted by Pethidine administration?
Sigma receptor
How does Lofexidine aid in opioid detoxification?
Decreases noradrenergic storm
Which drug is recommended for substituting morphine during detoxification due to its long half-life and mild withdrawal syndrome production?
Methadone
Which metabolite of morphine is responsible for analgesic effects and can prolong analgesia in renal failure?
Morphine-6-Glucuronide
Which physiological change is associated with the abrupt withdrawal of opioids?
Noradrenergic storm
Which adverse effect is NOT commonly associated with morphine use?
Tachycardia
What is the primary route of excretion for morphine?
Urine
What is the primary effect of Clonidine during opioid detoxification?
Decreases noradrenergic storm
What is the main reason for the occurrence of tolerance to opioids?
Sensitivity to opioid agonist effects
What is the lethal dose of morphine that results in acute poisoning?
>250 mg
Which medication serves as a specific antidote for acute morphine poisoning?
Naloxone
Which opioid antagonist has an affinity for all opioid receptors (μ, δ, and κ) and can displace opioids bound to receptors?
Naloxone
What is the primary reason for addicts on morphine and heroin to be transported to methadone as part of treatment?
Methadone has a longer half-life and less severe withdrawal syndrome than morphine
What is an adverse effect commonly associated with prolonged Pethidine use?
Tachyphylaxis
Which component of morphine's analgesic action involves inhibiting the release of excitatory transmitters from primary afferents?
Blocking NMDA receptors
Which synthetic drug acts mainly on μ receptors, has analgesic activity equal to morphine, is effective orally, and causes less severe withdrawal syndrome due to its long half-life?
Buprenorphine
What is the primary reason for not administering morphine orally?
Increased first-pass metabolism
What is a significant pharmacological action of morphine on the gastrointestinal tract?
Induction of constipation
Which organ is NOT listed as one of the distribution sites of morphine in the body?
Heart
What is the primary organ responsible for metabolizing Pethidine?
Liver
What is a common adverse effect associated with prolonged morphine use?
Respiratory depression
After oral absorption, how long does it take for the effects of Pethidine to appear?
10-15 minutes
How is Pethidine primarily excreted from the body?
Urine
In cases of morphine poisoning, what treatment should be considered due to its ability to displace morphine from receptors?
Naloxone
In case of Pethidine poisoning, what is a common treatment option for addicts due to its long half-life?
Methadone
What adverse effect can occur with chronic use of Pethidine due to the accumulation of Norpethidine?
Seizures
What makes Fentanyl more powerful than morphine based on the text?
Its higher lipophilicity and easy entry into the CNS
What is a disadvantage of Buprenorphine overdose treatment using naloxone according to the text?
Naloxone only partially reverses respiratory depression
Which opioid drug is particularly effective for postoperative pain relief and has a lower tendency to cause constipation and addiction, as stated in the text?
Tramadol
What is the main use of Phenazocine according to the text?
Biliary colic treatment
How does Codeine's efficacy compare to that of morphine based on the text?
Codeine's efficacy is 1/10th of morphine
What are the adverse effects similar to Morphine associated with Pethidine use?
Dry mouth and blurred vision
Which of the following is a symptom of Pethidine overdose according to the text?
Tremors
What is a common excretion route for morphine and its metabolites?
Renal excretion
What is the recommended dose of Pethidine for oral administration according to the text?
50-100 mg tabs
Which receptor type does Morphine act as an agonist for with a higher affinity based on the text?
Mu (μ) receptor
What is a common adverse effect associated with prolonged Pethidine use mentioned in the text?
Constipation
Which of the following is NOT a symptom of Pethidine overdose mentioned in the text?
Insomnia
What is an effect of different opioid receptor stimulation at supraspinal level?
Affective behavior and spinal analgesia
In what form is Pethidine commonly administered for labor pain relief?
IM/SC injection
Test your knowledge on anesthesia drugs such as Fentanyl, Codeine, and partial agonists. Learn about their effects, uses, and efficacy levels. Prepare for your upcoming University of Baghdad College of Medicine 2022-2023 exam.
Make Your Own Quizzes and Flashcards
Convert your notes into interactive study material.
Get started for free
