Questions and Answers
Socrates' philosophy of immortality was explored after his death sentence was executed.
False
Socrates believed in monism, where each person has both physical and immortal soul.
False
According to Socrates, an unexamined life is not considered valuable.
True
Socrates believed in the immortality of the physical body.
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Socrates' concept of self included only the physical body.
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One of Socrates' key beliefs was that the material substance is more important than the immaterial substance in defining a person.
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Socrates' idea of an examined life holds little significance in his philosophy of self-understanding.
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The development of identity and self-understanding, according to Socrates, is influenced solely by an individual's present actions.
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Plato believed that the self is mortal and consists of 3 parts: Reason, Physical Appetite, and Spirit.
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Plato was greatly influenced by Aristotle's death.
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Plato believed in a life after the death of the physical body.
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If human beings do not live in accordance with their nature/function, according to the text, the result will be justice.
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According to Plato, living a good life will not lead to a happy afterlife once the body dies.
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Plato believed that the body belongs to the ideal realm and the soul belongs to the physical realm.
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Study Notes
Understanding The Self
- The concept of self is influenced by philosophers' perspectives and life experiences.
Socrates (470-399 B.C.)
- Explored the philosophy of immortality before his death sentence.
- Believed in dualism: physical body (material substance) and immortal soul (immaterial substance).
- The body belongs to the physical realm, and the soul belongs to the ideal realm.
- The soul continues to exist after the death of the physical body.
- A good life is lived with a purpose, and that purpose is to do well.
Plato (428/427-348/347 BC)
- Was greatly influenced by Socrates' death, who was his teacher.
- Believed the self is immortal and consists of three parts:
- Reason: the divine essence for thinking, making wise choices, and understanding eternal truths.
- Physical Appetite: basic biological needs such as hunger, thirst, and sexual desire.
- Spirit or Passion: basic emotions such as love, anger, ambition, aggressiveness, and empathy.
- The three components may work together or be in conflict.
- Injustice results when humans do not live in accordance with their nature or function.
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