Understanding Studbooks in Population Management

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Questions and Answers

What is the ultimate goal of the capacity phase in captive breeding?

To consider reintroduction (correct)

To maximize the number of offspring

To maintain genetic diversity

To eliminate maladaptive alleles

Which program aims to maximize genetic diversity, maintain demographic stability, and provide animals for reintroduction?

European Ex-Situ Programme (EEP) (correct)

Collaboration

Database management

Genetic management

What is the role of Species360 in database management?

Coordinating the EEP coordinator

Managing the ZIMS module (correct)

Providing tools for genetic management

Submitting data to zoos for publication

What are the challenges in the founder phase of captive breeding?

Acquiring wild population representation Signup and view all the answers

What is the main challenge related to genetic adaptation to captivity?

Selection of maladaptive alleles Signup and view all the answers

What does genetic drift result in?

Cumulative loss of both adaptive and maladaptive alleles Signup and view all the answers

What stage in captive breeding may make it difficult to fill available space with new offspring and salvage genetic diversity before losses occur?

Growth phase Signup and view all the answers

In genetic management, what do selections eliminate in the captive environment?

(Loss of) maladaptive alleles Signup and view all the answers

What contributes to the loss of genetic diversity?

(Loss of) genetic diversity due to limited representation Signup and view all the answers

(Loss of) founder alleles occurs when not enough offspring per founder hinders what?

(Retention) of founder alleles Signup and view all the answers

What contributes to the loss of genetic diversity in captive breeding growth?

Slow growth and difficulty in filling available space with new offspring Signup and view all the answers

What yields 97.5% of gene diversity in a wild population?

20 unrelated founders Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of a studbook?

Maintaining genetic and demographic analyses Signup and view all the answers

What does a studbook keeper typically record?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

Who is responsible for keeping studbooks for wild and semi-wild populations?

International studbooks Regional Zoo & Aquaria Associations Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the studbook keeper in zoo associations?

Appoints keeper for member zoos & aquaria Signup and view all the answers

What type of data does a studbook typically include for each individual?

Both genetic and demographic data Signup and view all the answers

Who maintains the entire (captive) history of a population or species in studbooks?

WAZA Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of having a standardized format for studbook information?

It ensures easy access to information for researchers Signup and view all the answers

Who reports to the EAZA EEP committee in relation to studbook management?

(TAG) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of maintaining parentage data in studbooks?

To establish pedigree back to the founders Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of prioritizing breeding to animals with rare alleles?

To address founder imbalance and balance out representation of different traits Signup and view all the answers

What does 'imbalance in founder representation' refer to?

Prominence or numerousness of certain initial individuals over others Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum Ne required in the short term to offset inbreeding effects?

50 Signup and view all the answers

In the long term, what is the recommended range for Ne to offset inbreeding effects?

1000-5000 Signup and view all the answers

What is the reality regarding addressing founder imbalance?

It requires cooperation of zoos Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of prioritizing breeding to animals with rare alleles?

To balance out representation of different traits in the population Signup and view all the answers

What does 'Minimum Ne' refer to?

Minimum number of individuals in a population needed to avoid inbreeding effects Signup and view all the answers

'Imbalance in founder representation' indicates that:

Certain initial individuals are more prominent or numerous than others Signup and view all the answers

'Ne' should be above 50 in the short term to:

Ensure balanced representation of different traits in the population Signup and view all the answers

'Ne' should be between 1000 and 5000 in the long term to:

Offset inbreeding effects and maintain genetic diversity Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

– Collaboration: Member zoos provide data for a database, which is then submitted to Species360 for publication as a studbook – Studbooks serve research purposes and provide information for population management – Database management: Species360 manages the ZIMS (Zoological Information Management System) module, which includes communication tools for 16 languages – Population management: European Ex-Situ Programme (EEP) aims to maximize genetic diversity, maintain demographic stability, and provide animals for reintroduction (if suitable) – EEP: A regional intensive population management programme with over 400 programmes, coordinated by an EEP coordinator and a Species Committee – Captive breeding: Three stages: founder phase, growth phase, and capacity phase – Founder phase: Challenges include acquiring wild population representation, limited numbers, and diversity loss due to collecting from a narrow range and few founders – Growth phase: Minimizing the loss of founder alleles and maximizing the number of offspring – Capacity phase: The ultimate goal is to consider reintroduction when a sufficient population size is reached

– Genetic management: Two main challenges include genetic adaptation to captivity and genetic drift – Genetic adaptation to captivity: Selection eliminates maladaptive alleles present in the captive environment – Genetic drift: Loss of both adaptive and maladaptive alleles occurs by chance in small populations – Captive breeding: Selections will eliminate maladaptive alleles in the captive environment, and genetic drift will cause the cumulative loss of both adaptive and maladaptive alleles

– Founder phase: Acquiring wild population representation, challenges include small numbers, limited areas, and few founders – Genetic diversity loss: Collecting animals from a smaller, limited area results in a reduced gene pool; fewer founders and not all wild-caught animals reproducing further contribute to the loss – Growth phase: Minimizing the loss of founder alleles and maximizing the number of offspring – Loss of founder alleles: Not all founders produce equal progeny, and not enough offspring per founder hinders the retention of founder alleles – Captive breeding growth: Growth may be slow, making it difficult to fill available space with new offspring and salvage genetic diversity before losses occur – Capacity phase: A sufficient population size is required to consider reintroduction – Genetic diversity: 20 unrelated founders yield 97.5% of gene diversity in a wild population, but reality often involves smaller numbers and limited areas, leading to a loss of genetic diversity.

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Description

Explore the purpose and function of studbooks in genetic and demographic analyses for intensively managed populations, as well as wild and semi-wild populations. Learn about the significance of studbooks in recording major events and maintaining comprehensive population or species histories.