Immunology and Genetic Analysis Quiz

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What is the primary role of IgE antibodies in Type I hypersensitivities?

To mediate inflammation by activating the complement system
To bind to mast cells and trigger the release of allergic mediators (correct)
To directly kill host cells through cell-mediated mechanisms
To form immune complexes that lead to tissue damage

Which type of hypersensitivity is characterized by immune complex deposition resulting in tissue damage?

Type II hypersensitivity
Type IV hypersensitivity
Type III hypersensitivity (correct)
Type I hypersensitivity

What distinguishes Type IV hypersensitivities from the others?

They lead to immediate hypersensitivity reactions
They result in the release of inflammatory mediators from mast cells
They involve direct action from helper and cytotoxic T cells (correct)
They are mediated by IgG and IgM antibodies

Which of the following accurately describes the three steps of PCR technology?

Denaturation, priming, and elongation (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic of PCR technology enhances its ability to detect specific cells?

The amplification of DNA from minute samples (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of gel electrophoresis in genetic analysis?

To separate DNA fragments based on their size (A) Signup and view all the answers

What does the RPR test primarily identify in patient plasma?

Agglutination of specific antibodies to determine syphilis (B) Signup and view all the answers

What does a direct ELISA primarily detect?

Antigens (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the process of hybridization in genetic testing?

Isolating and denaturing DNA, then probing with specific markers (A) Signup and view all the answers

In phage typing, what indicates that a bacterial strain is sensitive to a specific phage?

Formation of plaques (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of recombinant DNA technology in genetic research?

To combine genetic material from different species (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes restriction endonucleases?

They break phosphodiester bonds within both strands of DNA. (A) Signup and view all the answers

How is gene therapy typically introduced into a patient's tissue?

By utilizing a viral vector or naked DNA (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of IgE in the context of allergen sensitization?

To bind to mast cells for future allergic responses. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a key aspect of the FISH technique?

It relies on fluorescent probes to target specific DNA or RNA. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is true about complementary DNA (cDNA)?

cDNA is generated from mRNA transcripts. (B) Signup and view all the answers

How does RFLP analysis function in DNA comparison?

It observes the differences in cutting patterns of restriction enzymes. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is correct regarding pulse field gel electrophoresis (PFGE)?

PFGE involves mixing bacteria with agar gel to form solid plugs. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of ribotyping?

To diagnose infections by comparing ribosomal RNA genes. (C) Signup and view all the answers

In cloning, what role does the vector (plasmid) play?

The vector delivers the gene into the host organism. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the tuberculin test?

To detect exposure to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (B) Signup and view all the answers

What type of reaction indicates a positive tuberculin test result?

Red, raised, and thickened lesions (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which component is used in the tuberculin test?

A protein derivative from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the technique used in the tuberculin test?

Intradermal injection (D) Signup and view all the answers

A positive tuberculin test indicates potential exposure to which pathogen?

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (A) Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes agglutination from precipitation in serological testing?

Agglutination results in clotting of whole cells, while precipitation involves soluble antigens becoming insoluble. (D) Signup and view all the answers

In the Western blot technique, what is the purpose of adding a second antibody after the first?

To identify the target proteins using a fluorescent or enzymatic signal. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What does a titer measure in a patient's serum?

The dilution level at which agglutination is still observed. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main principle of immunofluorescence testing?

To visualize bound antigen-antibody complexes using light microscopy. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes in vivo testing in serology?

It is used to introduce antigens directly into a patient for immune response evaluation. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Type I Hypersensitivity

An allergic reaction triggered by IgE antibodies and mast cells releasing inflammatory mediators.

Type II Hypersensitivity

Antibody-mediated reaction that targets host cells using IgG or IgM antibodies causing inflammation and complement-mediated lysis.

Type III Hypersensitivity

An immune complex-mediated hypersensitivity, leading to inflammation and tissue damage from antigen-antibody complexes.

Type IV Hypersensitivity

A cell-mediated immune response involving helper T cells and cytotoxic T cells that causes a delayed response.