40 Questions
Which structure in the heart acts as the natural pacemaker and initiates the electrical impulses that cause the heart to beat?
Sinoatrial (SA) node
Which nervous system increases heart rate by releasing norepinephrine?
Sympathetic nervous system
Which hormone released by the adrenal glands increases heart rate?
Epinephrine
Which ions cause the initiation of action potentials in the heart?
Calcium ions
Which of the following is a characteristic of atrial fibrillation (AFib)?
Decreased efficiency of heart pumping
What is the equation that describes the relationship between pressure gradient, flow rate, and resistance in a cylindrical vessel?
Hagen-Poiseuille equation
Which of the following is true about laminar flow?
Fluid moves in parallel layers
What is the most likely cause of ventricular fibrillation (VFib)?
Ischemic damage
Which one of the following is the primary pacemaker of the heart?
Sinoatrial (SA) node
Which one of the following is responsible for conducting the electrical impulses from the AV node to the ventricles?
Bundle of His
Which one of the following cells spreads the electrical impulses throughout the ventricles?
Purkinje fibers
Which one of the following is responsible for initiating each heartbeat and setting the heart rate?
Sinoatrial (SA) node
Which of the following structures is responsible for generating and conducting electrical impulses throughout the heart?
Conduction system
During which phase of the cardiac muscle action potential does rapid depolarization occur?
Phase 0
Which of the following is true about the absolute refractory period in the cardiac muscle action potential?
It is the period during which the cardiac muscle cell cannot be stimulated to depolarize again, no matter how strong the stimulus is.
During which phase of the cardiac cycle do the ventricles contract and push blood out of the heart?
Ventricular systole
According to the text, what is the relationship between resistance and flow in a circuit?
Resistance and flow have an inverse relationship.
What is the relationship between conductance and resistance?
Conductance is the reciprocal of resistance.
According to the text, how does the diameter of a vessel affect conductance?
As the diameter increases, conductance increases.
What is the advantage of vascular compliance?
Vascular compliance reduces pressure pulsations.
Which factors regulate right atrial pressure?
The ability of the heart to pump blood out of the right atrium and ventricle into the lungs
What can increase right atrial pressure?
All of the above
What are Korotkoff's sounds?
Sounds produced by the turbulent flow of blood through the compressed artery
Which factors determine hemodynamics according to Poiseuille's law?
Vessel radius
How is blood flow related to vessel radius according to Poiseuille's law?
Blood flow is directly proportional to the fourth power of the vessel radius
Which of the following is NOT a factor that can increase right atrial pressure?
Decreased blood viscosity
Which of the following is responsible for contracting to make the heart beat?
Purkinje fibers
Which of the following describes the electrical activity of the SA node over time?
The graph stops dropping after the K channels close.
Which of the following is true about the delay at the AV node and Bundle?
The electrical impulse travels down the bundle of His, a specialized group of cells that conduct the impulse slowly through the ventricular septum.
Which of the following is true about normal and ectopic pacemakers?
The normal pacemaker of the heart is the SA node, which generates electrical impulses that cause the heart to beat.
True or false: Right atrial pressure is regulated solely by the ability of the heart to pump blood out of the right atrium and ventricle into the lungs.
False
True or false: Increased blood volume can increase the right atrial pressure.
True
True or false: Dilation of the arterioles allows rapid flow of blood from the veins into the arteries.
False
True or false: Korotkoff's sounds are produced by the smooth flow of blood through the compressed artery.
False
True or false: According to Poiseuille's law, blood flow is inversely proportional to the fourth power of the vessel radius.
False
True or false: The pressure gradient driving blood flow is determined by the difference in pressure between the peripheral veins and the right atrium.
True
True or false: Vessel length has a direct effect on blood flow according to Poiseuille's law.
True
True or false: Blood viscosity is one of the physical properties that determine hemodynamics.
True
True or false: Increased large vessel tone can increase the right atrial pressure.
True
True or false: According to Poiseuille's law, blood flow is directly proportional to the fourth power of the vessel radius.
True
Test your knowledge on the total resistance to blood flow in series and parallel vascular circuits in this quiz. Explore the relationship between Reynolds' number and flow characteristics, and understand how velocity, diameter, density, and viscosity affect blood flow.
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