Chapter 5: Power - The Architecture of Conflict
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Questions and Answers

What is a requirement for an individual to exert power over others?

  • Demonstrating superior knowledge
  • Maintaining control over all available resources
  • Possessing a high social status
  • Having resources that are acknowledged by others (correct)

In what situation can a child's temper tantrum be considered a form of power?

  • When the parents are emotionally affected by the tantrum (correct)
  • When the child is being observed by friends
  • When the parents find the behavior amusing
  • When the child throws the tantrum frequently

Why is it incorrect to equate resources directly with power?

  • Power depends on the endorsement of resources by others (correct)
  • Resources need to be used effectively to count as power
  • Not all resources are valuable to every individual
  • Having resources signifies superiority over others

What is a key factor that enables a boss to influence an employee's behavior?

<p>The employee's desire to keep their job (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement correctly identifies a misconception about power?

<p>Power can be held without the endorsement of others. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the concept of power in social relationships primarily depend on?

<p>The willingness of others to engage with those resources (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following scenarios illustrates the idea that power is relational?

<p>A rich individual who cannot influence those uninterested in wealth (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What complex aspect of power must be understood to grasp its dynamics?

<p>The levels of social processes influencing the exertion of power (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What primarily influences the power a party can assert in a conflict?

<p>The party's resources and their effective use (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is involved in the latent conflict stage?

<p>Awareness of differences but no action taken (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which stage comes before the emergence of active conflict?

<p>Latent conflict stage (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What might parties incorrectly assume during latent conflict?

<p>That the differences they perceive are significant (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does dependence among parties contribute to conflict?

<p>It leads to an awareness of potential differences. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is likely to happen when two parties are dependent on each other?

<p>Differences are likely to become apparent. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes a move in a conflict?

<p>It occurs in reaction to the actions of the other party. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes power in the context of conflict?

<p>It is shaped by resources and the skill to use them. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What might lead an employer to favor a candidate from an economically advantaged group?

<p>Beliefs that economically advantaged individuals are more motivated. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do resources and ideology play in decision-making according to the content?

<p>They complement each other in the operation of power. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of power is highlighted as emerging in conflict situations?

<p>The interaction between two or more parties. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What leads to the endorsement of power resources?

<p>Preconceptions about different individuals' strengths and weaknesses. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the ideology regarding economically advantaged candidates presume?

<p>They have more resources and motivation than disadvantaged candidates. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of power interactions, what might one party do in response to another's actions?

<p>Contest the proposal using different forms of power. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential effect of reliance on unspoken premises in decision-making?

<p>It may perpetuate biases against disadvantaged groups. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between power resources and the mystique of power?

<p>The mystique of power enhances the perception of power resources. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the text suggest about the power conferred by a gun?

<p>It is influenced by social relationships. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can the effectiveness of intangible social resources be undermined?

<p>With direct confrontation that dismisses their value. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does ideology play in social interactions according to the text?

<p>It can favor certain groups while remaining ambiguous. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to a persuasive argument if it is interrupted by a strong retort?

<p>It no longer carries weight in the discussion. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is necessary for social resources like a good reputation to be effective?

<p>Consistent public acknowledgment. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the content, how is power defined in social interactions?

<p>As a dynamic relationship influenced by context. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about ideology is supported by the information provided?

<p>Ideology can shape societal values and norms. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the belief that hard work guarantees success illustrate about ideology?

<p>It promotes social inequality under the guise of meritocracy. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What marked the transition of the conflict into a phase of open engagement?

<p>The recognition of the latent issue by UP Board members (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the first scenario regarding the letter, how did the Board members perceive the threat level?

<p>It was seen as a minor issue without immediate threats (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role did the letter play in future discussions according to the content?

<p>It set the agenda for future discussions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can be inferred about the outcome of the conflict triggered by the letter?

<p>It may affect the relationships and climate among Board members (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does power influence the moves made by individuals in a conflict?

<p>It restricts the type of actions individuals can take (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the response to a move in a conflict reveal?

<p>The willingness to challenge the move (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes the two scenarios discussed in the content?

<p>The power of the Board member who wrote the letter (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a direct outcome of the second scenario triggered by the letter?

<p>A series of moves and countermoves were established (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key principle for giving feedback effectively?

<p>Discussing positive points and improvements along with problems (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is private feedback preferred over public criticism?

<p>It helps subordinates save face and maintain respect (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can be a consequence of berating workers in front of their peers?

<p>Resentment may build and challenge the supervisor's authority (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about compensation and feedback is true?

<p>Tying compensation to criticism can restrict honest feedback (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can a supervisor effectively exert power in their role?

<p>By using social power in a way that avoids conflict (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What challenge is associated with providing feedback?

<p>Finding a standardized method that fits all situations (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential risk of using power inappropriately by a supervisor?

<p>Subordinates may feel threatened and less cooperative (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is implied about skillful use of power in leadership?

<p>It varies based on the context and individuals involved (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Power

The ability to influence others, often based on resources and skills.

Latent Conflict

The point at which people become aware of differences that might lead to conflict.

Awareness of Differences

The stage where parties become aware of differences, but don't yet interact in a conflictual way.

Skill in Power

The ability to utilize resources effectively to influence others.

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Power Resources

The resources a party possesses to influence others.

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Emergence of Conflict

The way conflict develops from awareness of differences to actual interaction.

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Conflict Interaction

The actions and reactions that characterize a conflict.

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Interdependence

The dependence people have on each other, which can lead to differences and potential conflict.

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Latent Issue

The point when the parties become aware of an issue, but the conflict hasn't reached a point of action yet.

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Triggering the Conflict

The way the initial response to a conflict shapes its progression. A strong response leads to a more intense conflict.

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Low-Engagement Conflict

A situation where the conflict is acknowledged and addressed through open discussion and actions, but without strong reactions or significant power plays.

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High-Engagement Conflict

A conflict that involves a series of back-and-forth actions, potentially escalating tensions.

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Power in Conflict

The ability to influence others' actions and choices. In conflicts, it can define who has power.

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Power to Act

The capacity to impact the conflict's dynamics by deciding how and when to act. This can affect the course of the conflict.

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Power Move

A clear signal of how willing a party is to use power. It shows their confidence levels.

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Challenge to Power

The response to a power move. If unchallenged, it reinforces the power of the individual who made the move.

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Power's Source

Power derives from the value others place on a resource, not just the resource itself.

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Endorsement of Power Resources

The understanding that power originates from others attributing importance to a resource.

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Boss's Credibility

The belief that a boss will actually carry out a threat.

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Relational Power of Resources

The potential for influence that a resource (like a gun) has, but is not guaranteed just by possessing it. Its effectiveness depends on how people interact and respond.

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Negotiation of Power

The process of people attempting to influence each other by making bids for power and responding to each other's actions.

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Social Resource Endorsement

The idea that social resources like reputation or persuasive abilities are given power only if other people acknowledge them.

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Ideology

A system of beliefs, norms, and ideas that are widely accepted in a society, but secretly favor some groups over others.

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Ideology and Power

The way power influences a situation based on widely held beliefs and norms, often without people realizing the bias.

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Power Through Discrediting

When one person tries to stop someone else's argument by dismissing their credibility, it can negate any power they had.

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Intangible Power Resources

The ability to influence others using non-physical resources like skills, knowledge, or connections.

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Social Power

Power gained through a person's influence, prestige, or character, often built over time.

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Effective Feedback

Giving feedback privately, focusing on both positives and areas for improvement, and separating performance from compensation effectively minimizes resistance and encourages cooperation.

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Public Criticism's Impact

Public criticism or reprimands can lead to resentment and push subordinates to challenge the supervisor's authority.

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Power and Least Resistance

Using power in a way that minimizes opposition promotes acceptance and future support.

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Skillful Power Use

There's no one-size-fits-all approach to using power effectively. While general principles exist, they lack a comprehensive framework.

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Appropriate Power Use

Gaining cooperation through acceptable and respectful use of power is more likely to result in long-term positive outcomes.

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Power's Source and Value

The effectiveness of power relies on the perceived value of the resources used, not just their existence.

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Challenging Power

Challenges to power directly impact its legitimacy and can weaken it.

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Credibility in Power

The belief in a leader's ability to follow through on threats is crucial for their perceived power.

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Economic Advantage/Disadvantage

The advantages and disadvantages people have based upon their group memberships.

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Resource-Based Power

Power that comes from things like money, status, or connections.

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Endorsement of Power

The belief that someone has the ability and right to use power.

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Power in Conflict Interaction

The process of using power in a conflict by making a move and seeing how the other person reacts.

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Preconceptions About Groups

Shared ideas about the abilities and qualities of groups of people, often inaccurate or unfair.

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Influence of Power in Conflict

A force that can influence choices in a conflict, often shaped by the way power is used.

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Mystique of Power

How a person's experience shapes their perception of power.

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Study Notes

Chapter 5: Power: The Architecture of Conflict

  • Conflict is comprised of interactional moves and countermoves shaped by power
  • Power asserted by parties depends on resources and effective use
  • Understanding conflict emergence involves examining the transition from latent awareness of differences to actions and reactions
  • Latent conflict stage: Consciousness of opposition precedes conflict
  • Parties may misinterpret existing differences
  • Parties anticipate opposing viewpoints and positions, leading to a consciousness of opposition
  • Latent conflict remains dormant until a triggering event occurs

Case Study 5.1A: A Raid on the Student Activity Fees Fund

  • Undergraduate Publications Board (UP) oversees several student-run publications
  • Budget allocated by student government
  • Faculty advisor alerts the Board of a potential university "raid" on the student activity fees fund for student center renovation, potentially leading to budget cuts for UP
  • Members anticipate potential budget cut consequences
  • Awareness of possible differences in viewpoints and positions leads to a consciousness of opposition
  • Conflict remains dormant (latent) until a triggering event like budget cuts

Case Study 5.1B: A Raid on the Student Activity Fees Fund (Scenarios)

  • Scenario 1: Letter advocating for science journal elimination sent to the faculty advisor.
  • Scenario 2: Letter published in the school newspaper.
  • Possible triggering events to create interaction (e.g.; faculty announces cut, editor requests meeting).
  • Power dynamics differ between scenarios, the perception among members varies

Discussion Questions

  • Why does the term "latent conflict" describe the situation that existed on the UP Board?
  • What could make this conflict move out of a latent stage and into an open conflict?
  • What examples can you give of latent conflict stages in other situations?

Power and Conflict Interaction

  • Power constrains others' options
  • Conflict dynamics evolve, moving from initial constraints to collective outcomes
  • Party's initial moves shape future constraints in conflict

Power Tactics

  • Tactics involve direct, virtual, indirect, or hidden application of power
  • Direct tactics: threats, promises
  • Indirect tactics: relational control
  • Hidden tactics: issue control

Relational Control

  • Messages have a report (content) and command (relational) aspect
  • Relational messages influence understanding of relationship dynamics
  • Relationship implicitly frames conflicts.

Issue Control

  • Control of what issues are considered
  • Issues not raised are effectively suppressed
  • Setting the agenda limits discussion or consideration of certain issues

The Balance of Power in Conflict

  • Significant power imbalances threaten constructive conflict resolution
  • Power plays a major role in conflict interaction

The Dilemmas of Strength

  • Power imbalances might cause the stronger party's move to be self-defeating
  • Weaker parties might respond with resistance, threatening the stronger party’s power assertion, and/or potentially negatively impacting the relationship.

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Description

This quiz explores the complex nature of power in social interactions and conflict scenarios. It addresses misconceptions about power, the influence of dependence, and stages of conflict. Test your understanding of how power operates in various relational contexts.

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