Understanding Hiya in Sikolohiyang Pilipino

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Questions and Answers

What is the more appropriate translation of 'hiya' in English?

Guilt

Shame

Sense of propriety (correct)

Embarrassment

According to Salazar, what did hiya show the internal and external aspects of?

Propriety (correct)

Debt

Shame

Gratitude

Hollnsteiner claimed that the recipient of a favor is forced to do what?

Return the favor with interest (correct)

Refuse the favor

Ignore the favor

Accept the favor silently

What does 'pakikisama' refer to in Filipino social interactions?

Going along with group decisions Signup and view all the answers

Enriquez introduced the concept of 'kapwa' as which of the following?

Shared identity Signup and view all the answers

In Filipino social interactions, individuals are immediately 'placed' into which two categories according to the text?

'Pakikisama' and 'Pakikipagkapwa' Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the Filipino trait of assertiveness and facing challenges head-on?

Bahala Na Signup and view all the answers

According to Rita Mataragnon, what are Filipinos good at sensing?

Subtle cues Signup and view all the answers

In the context of Filipino values, what does 'Lakas Ng Loob' refer to?

Courage in the face of challenges Signup and view all the answers

How did Lagmay define 'Bahala Na' as opposed to foreign scholars?

Determination and risk-taking Signup and view all the answers

'Kalayaan - Pakikibaka' refers to which aspect of Filipino culture?

Freedom and mobility Signup and view all the answers

'Dangal' in Filipino culture is primarily related to what internal aspect?

Dignity Signup and view all the answers

What do values do according to the text?

Shape the way people act and make decisions Signup and view all the answers

What does 'karangalan' refer to?

A person's external image and how others perceive them Signup and view all the answers

What is 'Kagandahang Loob' about?

Helping others due to shared humanity Signup and view all the answers

What is 'Puri' related to?

Honor and external judgment by others Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes 'Puri' from 'Dangal'?

'Puri' is about external recognition while 'Dangal' is about inner worth Signup and view all the answers

According to Salazar, what component can be found in the Filipino personality?

Internality-externality Signup and view all the answers

What trait is associated with 'Extraversion' according to the text?

Loquaciousness Signup and view all the answers

Which trait is part of 'Agreeableness' based on the text?

Trust Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic defines 'Neuroticism' in the text?

Oversensitiveness Signup and view all the answers

What Filipino-developed personality instrument is mentioned in the text?

Mapa Signup and view all the answers

What problem was highlighted regarding psychological measurement in the Philippines in the 1970's and 1980's?

Inapplicability of foreign made tests Signup and view all the answers

'Carlota (1980) noted trends in personality measurement in which areas?'

Personality testing, measurement of abilities, and deviant behavior Signup and view all the answers

What was the avant-garde approach of the researcher mentioned in the text?

Not requiring a clear-cut research design or review of related literature Signup and view all the answers

What did the researcher and Enriquez criticize about Philippine social research?

Defining terms based on Western theories Signup and view all the answers

Which indigenous research method involves improvised informal, unstructured interviews?

Pagtatanongtanong Signup and view all the answers

What is the method of 'story telling' or 'informal conversations' known as in indigenous research?

Pakikipagkuwentuhan Signup and view all the answers

Which method in indigenous research involves 'participant observation'?

Nakikiugaling pagmamasid Signup and view all the answers

In what method of indigenous research do researchers 'reside in the research setting'?

Panunuluyan Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Language and Translation

"Hiya" is best translated to "shame" in English, reflecting both internal emotions and societal externalities.

Salazar indicated that "hiya" illustrates internal desires for social acceptance and external pressures from societal norms.
According to Hollnsteiner, a recipient of a favor is obligated to reciprocate such an act, creating a cycle of indebtedness.

"Pakikisama" refers to maintaining harmonious relationships and group cohesion in Filipino social interactions.
Enriquez introduced "kapwa" to denote a shared sense of self and interconnectedness among people.

Social interactions in the Philippines categorize individuals as "self" or "other," reflecting a division in social relations.

Filipino Traits and Values

The Filipino trait characterized by assertiveness and confronting challenges is termed "Lakas Ng Loob."
Rita Mataragnon noted that Filipinos excel at sensing emotional undercurrents and social cues.

Filipino Value Concepts

"Lakas Ng Loob" signifies courage and the will to overcome challenges or adversities.
Lagmay differentiated "Bahala Na" as a conscious acceptance of uncertainty, contrasting with foreign interpretations that may view it as fatalism.

Cultural Elements

"Kalayaan - Pakikibaka" emphasizes the struggle for freedom, portraying resilience and the fight for rights in Filipino culture.
"Dangal" pertains to personal dignity and respect, reflecting an essential internal aspect of Filipino identity.

Concepts of Honor and Integrity

Values are viewed as guiding principles shaping individual and collective behavior.
"Karangalan" signifies honor and integrity within societal contexts.
"Kagandahang Loob" pertains to generosity and kindness, showcasing altruistic behavior.

Distinction of Honor

"Puri" relates to reputation and societal perception, while "Dangal" is linked more intimately to personal dignity.

Personality and Traits

Salazar identified a communal component within the Filipino personality, emphasizing interdependence.
Extraversion in Filipinos is associated with sociability and expressiveness.
Agreeableness is characterized by a tendency for cooperation and compassion in social interactions.
Neuroticism is defined by emotional instability and sensitivity to stress.

Psychological Measurement and Research

A Filipino-developed personality measurement instrument is acknowledged, reflecting culturally relevant traits.
The psychological measurement challenge in the Philippines during the 1970s and 1980s highlighted a lack of culturally appropriate tools.

Research Trends and Methods

Carlota (1980) noted trends in personality measurement focusing on cultural relevance and context.
The avant-garde approach involved using culturally specific methodologies in social research.
The researcher and Enriquez criticized Philippine social research for its Western biases and lack of indigenous methods.

Indigenous Research Methods

One indigenous research method includes improvised informal, unstructured interviews.
"Story telling" or "informal conversations" provides rich qualitative data in indigenous research settings.
Participant observation is a research method that involves immersing oneself within the community being studied.
Residing in the research setting is a method that fosters deep understanding and engagement with the participants' experiences.

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Description

Explore the concept of 'hiya' in Sikolohiyang Pilipino, which goes beyond the English translation of 'shame' to encompass a deeper sense of propriety and reciprocity. Learn about how 'utang na loob' and the principle of reciprocity play key roles in understanding this cultural concept.