Sikolohiyang Pilipino Quiz

Filipino Psychology (Sikolohiyang Pilipino)

• Filipino psychology, known as Sikolohiyang Pilipino in Filipino, is a field of study exploring the psychology of Filipinos through their experiences, ideas, and cultural orientation.
• Virgilio G. Enriquez, who is recognized as the father of Sikolohiyang Plilipino, identified the core components of this indigenous psychology:
  • Kamalayan (consciousness): Includes both emotive and cognitive experiences.
  • Ulirat (awareness): The understanding of one's immediate surroundings.
  • Isip (knowledge and understanding): Refers to acquired knowledge and comprehension.
  • Diwa (habits and behavior): Encompasses learned behaviors and routines.
  • Kalooban (emotions and feelings): The realm of emotions and sentiments.
  • Kaluluwa (psyche): Represents the soul of a people, their inner essence.
• The movement emerged in the 1970s to challenge the dominance of Western psychology in the Philippines. It aims to:
  • Foster a sense of Filipino identity and national consciousness.
  • Encourage social awareness and involvement among Filipinos.
  • Explore and value Filipino cultures, languages, and traditional psychology.
  • Apply indigenous psychology in areas like healthcare, agriculture, art, media, and religion.
• Sikolohiyang Pilipino advocates for the development of a psychology that:
  • Arises from Filipino culture.
  • Reflects the specific behaviors and experiences of Filipinos.
  • Can be interpreted within a Filipino framework.
  • Yields results relevant to the Filipino context.
• Enriquez highlights two approaches for incorporating indigenous knowledge:
  • Indigenization-from-without: This involves seeking local equivalents for universal psychological concepts and contextualizing Western methods.
  • Indigenization-from-within: This approach focuses on developing psychological knowledge entirely from within the Filipino culture.

Pakikiramdam (Shared Inner Perception)

• Pakikiramdam represents a pivotal interpersonal value in Filipino culture.
• It involves being sensitive and attuned to the feelings and needs of others in social interactions.
• This sensitivity guides Filipinos to act in ways that avoid offending or hurting others.
• People with high pakikiramdam are often described as thoughtful and caring, while those with low pakikiramdam might be seen as thoughtless and uncaring.

Filipino Values Structure

• Enriquez identified a hierarchical structure of Filipino values:
  • Surface Values: These values are easily observable by outsiders but may not be the most fundamental ones.
    • Accommodative Surface Values: Includes values like pakikisama (companionship), hiya (propriety), and utang na loob (gratitude).
    • Confrontative Surface Values: Encompasses values like bahala na (determination), pakikibaka (resistance), and lakas ng loob (guts).
  • Core Value: Kapwa (shared identity) is at the core of the Filipino value system.
  • Linking Socio-Personal Value: Kagandahang-loob (shared humanity) bridges individual and societal values.
  • Associated Societal Values: These values are strongly linked to Kagandahang-loob, including karangalan (dignity), katarungan (justice), and kalayaan (freedom).

Modes of Social Interaction

• Enriquez and Santiago identified levels and modes of social interaction within Filipino society, categorized as Ibang Tao ("outsider"):
  • Pakikitungo: Civil interaction with an outsider.
  • Pakikisalamuha: Mixing and socializing with an outsider.
  • Pakikilahok: Joining an outsider in a shared activity.
  • Pakikibagay: Conforming to the norms and behaviors of an outsider.
  • Pakikisama: Becoming a part of the group with an outsider.

Principles for Research in Sikolohiyang Pilipino

• Pe-Pua and Protacio-Marcelino (2000) outlined key principles for research in Sikolohiyang Pilipino:
  • Research participants should be treated as equals or even superiors to researchers.
  • The welfare of research participants takes priority over any information obtained.
  • The primary focus should be on selecting research methods that are appropriate for the target population, not overly sophisticated.
  • Research should be conducted using the language spoken by the participants.

Test your knowledge on Filipino psychology, or Sikolohiyang Pilipino, which explores the psychological experiences and cultural orientation of Filipinos. Learn about the key components identified by Virgilio G. Enriquez, including consciousness, awareness, knowledge, and emotions. Challenge yourself to see how well you understand this indigenous field of study.