Understanding Heinous Crimes and Legal Terms

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Questions and Answers

What does a Subpoena Ad Testificandum require a person to do?

File a written response to charges

Appear and testify in a legal proceeding (correct)

Attend a meeting with law enforcement

Bring documents to a court hearing

What does the term 'heinous crimes' primarily refer to?

Crimes involving theft and fraud

Crimes involving minor assaults

Crimes committed in self-defense

Crimes directed against politicians and government officials (correct)

What is the purpose of a Summary Proceeding?

To hold a long trial with multiple witnesses

To investigate non-violent crimes

To conduct an expeditious administrative proceeding (correct)

To finalize criminal charges without due process

What does a Summons provide to the respondent?

A written notice of charges and a directive to respond Signup and view all the answers

Which description best fits Sensational Crimes?

Violent overt acts that attract national/international attention Signup and view all the answers

What does gender sensitivity aim to achieve?

Ensure less reliance on assumptions about traditional gender roles Signup and view all the answers

What is included in the definition of arms smuggling?

The transfer of both legal and illegal firearms Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the term 'marginalization'?

A condition where certain groups are excluded from participation Signup and view all the answers

What is the meaning of 'third gender'?

People recognized as neither male nor female Signup and view all the answers

What does women's empowerment specifically refer to?

Provision and accessibility of opportunities for women Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the primary characteristics of criminal law?

It is binding to all persons in a specific territory. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements best describes a 'crime'?

An act or omission that violates public law. Signup and view all the answers

What is suggested when dealing with media during a crisis?

Always maintain a positive relationship with the media. Signup and view all the answers

What does the principle of 'brevity' imply in writing?

Each word should contribute meaningfully to the narrative. Signup and view all the answers

What is a distinguishing feature of felonies?

They are always regarded as serious crimes. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of felony involves malicious intent?

Intentional Felonies Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of criminal law does 'prospective' refer to?

Law that applies only to future actions and situations. Signup and view all the answers

What is essential when providing information to the media during a crisis?

To ensure that the information is accurate. Signup and view all the answers

What is considered grave coercion in the context provided?

Compelling someone to act against their will, even if the act is lawful Signup and view all the answers

Who qualifies as a 'person in authority' under the laws mentioned?

Anyone with direct jurisdiction as part of a court or governmental body Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of 'deliver' concerning dangerous drugs?

Passing dangerous drugs to another person, regardless of compensation Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes someone who sells or distributes dangerous drugs?

Pusher Signup and view all the answers

What does 'gender sensitivity' mean in the context provided?

Being aware of societal perceptions and roles related to gender Signup and view all the answers

What is the legal consequence for someone entering a dwelling against the will of the owner?

It is considered grave coercion Signup and view all the answers

What does RA 9160 relate to?

Anti-Money Laundering Act Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of 'trading' in relation to dangerous drugs?

It involves illegal trafficking of dangerous drugs Signup and view all the answers

What does 'Res Gestae' refer to?

Acts and words closely connected to the main fact Signup and view all the answers

What is required for a conviction based on circumstantial evidence in a criminal case?

There must be more than one circumstance and proven facts for inference Signup and view all the answers

What entitles the accused to acquittal in a criminal case?

Proof beyond reasonable doubt of their guilt Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes 'Preponderance of Evidence'?

A standard of proof used in civil cases Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of a Search Warrant?

To command the search for personal property Signup and view all the answers

What type of evidence is described as that which a reasonable mind might accept to support a conclusion?

Substantial Evidence Signup and view all the answers

Which branch of government is responsible for the judicial function?

Judicial Branch Signup and view all the answers

What is defined as an accusation in writing charging a person with an offense?

Information Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Heinous/Violent Crimes

Refer to crimes directed against politicians, elected government officials, and government officials appointed by the President
Include violent overt acts that result in their death or incapacitation
Crimes attract national/international public attention/scrutiny

Subpoena Ad Testificandum

A process directed to a person requiring them to appear and testify

Subpoena Duces Tecum

A process directing a person to appear and bring with them books and documents
Often requested in cases where relevant information or proof is needed

Journal of the Case

Refers to the record of the daily progress of a case
Documents what has been done

Summary Proceeding

Expeditious administrative proceeding conducted that is consistent with due process

On-Scene Command Post

Refers to a temporary area established in the vicinity of a crime scene
Often used for communication and coordination between different stakeholders involved in an investigation

Summons

A written notice informing the respondent that they are charged with an offense
Directs the respondent to file an Answer

Pre-charge Evaluation

A process to determine the existence of probable cause based on allegations of a crime
Used to assess if an investigation should proceed

Sensational Crimes

Refer to crimes against politicians, elected government officials, and government officials appointed by the President
Involve specific violent acts resulting in their death or incapacitation.
Attract national/international public attention/scrutiny

Criminal Law

Defines crimes, their nature, and specifies their punishments

Crime

An act or omission committed or omitted in violation of public law

General vs. Territorial Law

General: Applies to all persons who live and sojourn in Philippine territory
Territorial: Applies to all crimes committed within the National Territory of the Philippines

Prospective Law

Does not have any retroactive effect, except if it is favorable to the accused who is not habitually delinquent

Felonies

Acts or omissions punishable by the Revised Penal Code (RPC)
Committed by means of deceit (dolo) or by means of fault (culpa)

Intentional Felonies

The offender's act or omission is malicious

Culpable Felonies

The offender's act or omission is not malicious

Grave Coercions

Refers to acts or omissions that prevent another person from doing something not prohibited by law, or that compel them to do something against their will

Persons in Authority

Any person directly vested with jurisdiction, whether as an individual or as a member of some court or governmental corporation, board or commission
Includes the President of the Philippines
Responsible to protect the public and maintain order

Anti-Money Laundering Act (RA 9160)

Aims to prevent and suppress money laundering activities

RA 9165

Known as the "Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002"
Outlines provisions, penalties, and procedures for illegal drug offenses.

Dispense (RA 9165)

Refers to the act of giving away, selling or distributing medicine or any dangerous drug with or without a prescription

Deliver (RA 9165)

Refers to knowingly passing a dangerous drug to another person, personally or otherwise

Pusher (RA 9165)

Refers to a person who sells, trades, administers, dispenses, delivers, transits, or transports dangerous drugs
Also includes brokers in any of these transactions.

Ra 10591

Aims to prevent and punish illegal trading of dangerous drugs and/or controlled precursors and essential chemicals.

Trafficking of dangerous drugs

Includes the actual movement or transfer of controlled substances or precursors.

Arms Smuggling

Refers to the import, export, acquisition, sale, delivery, movement or transfer of firearms
Often involves illegal trafficking of firearms across international borders.

Firearm

Refers to any handheld or portable weapon that expels or is designed to expel a bullet

Types of Firearm Licenses (Philippines)

Type 1: 2 registered firearms
Type 2: 5 registered firearms
Type 3: 10 registered firearms
Type 4: 15 registered firearms
Type 5: More than 15 registered firearms

PD 532 ANTI-PIRACY AND ANTI-HIGHWAY ROBBERY LAW

Defines penalties and procedures for those involved in piracy and highway robbery.

Vessel (PD 532)

Used to transport passengers and cargo from one place to another through Philippine waters
The definition of "vessel" applies to this law

Piracy (PD 532)

Refers to actions involving attacking ships or aircraft, taking control, or stealing from them.
Under PD 532, piracy carries a penalty of reclusion temporal in its maximum period.

Res Gestae

Refers to matter incidental to the main fact and explanatory of it
Includes acts and words that are so closely connected to the main act as to constitute a part of the overall transaction

Preponderance of Evidence (Civil Case)

Refers to the standard of proof required for a plaintiff to win a civil case

Proof Beyond Reasonable Doubt (Criminal Case)

Refers to the standard of proof required for a prosecution to win a criminal case.
The accused is entitled to an acquittal unless the prosecution proves their guilt beyond a reasonable doubt.

Circumstantial Evidence (Criminal Case)

Sufficient for conviction only if there is more than one circumstance, the facts from which the inference are derived are proven, and these facts are consistent with each other and point to the guilt of the accused, and inconsistent with any other possible hypothesis.

Substantial Evidence

Refers to the minimum amount of relevant evidence necessary to support a conclusion
Must be adequate to support a conclusion, meaning it is credible and trustworthy.

Sworn Statement

A document that contains information, statements, and declarations made under oath
Must be sworn before a notary public or other authorized officer.
Essential for legal proceedings where evidence is necessary to support claims or allegations.

Information (Criminal Case)

A written accusation that charges a person with an offense
Must be subscribed by the prosecutor
Details specific offenses and the evidence supporting the charges

Search Warrant

An order in writing issued in the name of the People of the Philippines
Signed by a judge and directed to a Peace Officer
Authorizes the officer to search for specific personal property in a designated location.

Judicial Branch

Vested in the Supreme Court of the Philippines and lower courts established by law (Art. VIII, sec. 1 of the 1987 Constitution)
Responsible for settling actual controversies brought before it, administering justice, and interpreting the law.

Court

An organ of the government belonging to the Judicial Branch
Interprets and applies the laws to controversies
Responsible for the public administration of justice.

Classification of Philippine Courts

Consists of the Supreme Court and various lower courts, including:
Trial Courts: (Metropolitan Trial Courts (MTCs), Municipal Trial Courts (MTCs), Regional Trial Courts (RTCs)
Appellate Courts: (Court of Appeals, Sandiganbayan)
Specialized Courts: (Court of Tax Appeals (CTA), Shari'a Courts, etc.)

Gender

Refers to the social and cultural roles, behaviors, and attributes that a society considers appropriate for men and women.

Sex

Refers to the biological and physiological characteristics that define men and women.

Gender Sensitivity

Refers to being aware of and understanding gender differences and the impact they have on people's lives
Promotes fair and equal treatment of people regardless of their gender.

Gender Roles

Set of social and behavioral norms that are generally considered appropriate for either a man or a woman.
Influenced by cultural norms and values.

Stereotypes

Generalizations or assumptions about the characteristics of all members of a group based on an image or preconceived notions
Can be inaccurate and harmful, reinforcing prejudice and limiting opportunities for individuals.

Third Gender/Third Sex

Describe individuals who are considered to be neither women nor men.
Refers to people who identify as gender non-conforming or outside traditional binary categories.

Women Empowerment

Refers to the provision, availability, and accessibility of opportunities, services, and resources for women.
Promotes self-reliance, independence, and participation in all aspects of society.

Marginalization

Refers to the exclusion of a whole category of people from meaningful participation and opportunities.

Marginalized

Refers to people who are disproportionately disadvantaged and excluded, often facing barriers to access education, healthcare, and economic opportunities.

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Description

This quiz delves into heinous and violent crimes, particularly those against government officials, along with key legal processes such as subpoenas and summary proceedings. You'll explore concepts like the journal of the case and the function of an on-scene command post in managing criminal investigations. Test your knowledge on these important legal topics.