Podcast
Questions and Answers
What term refers to the belief that everyone else should conform to your belief system?
What term refers to the belief that everyone else should conform to your belief system?
- Culture blindness
- Cultural imposition (correct)
- Stereotyping
- Implicit bias
Which tool involves the components E-T-H-N-I-C for cultural interviewing?
Which tool involves the components E-T-H-N-I-C for cultural interviewing?
- Learn Model
- Cultural beliefs in healthcare
- Ethnic interviewing tool (correct)
- Culture assessment
In the Learn Model, what does the 'N' stand for?
In the Learn Model, what does the 'N' stand for?
- Acknowledge differences and similarities in perspectives
- Listen to patient's perspective
- Negotiate an agreed on treatment plan (correct)
- Explain and share your perspective
Which term involves ignoring differences and proceeds as though they do not exist?
Which term involves ignoring differences and proceeds as though they do not exist?
What does culture conflict entail?
What does culture conflict entail?
Which aspect is included in culture assessment?
Which aspect is included in culture assessment?
What is the primary commitment of advocacy in nursing?
What is the primary commitment of advocacy in nursing?
Which ethical principle involves respecting the rights of patients to make healthcare decisions?
Which ethical principle involves respecting the rights of patients to make healthcare decisions?
What is a common aspect of ethical problems in nursing practice?
What is a common aspect of ethical problems in nursing practice?
What concept involves concern for the welfare and well-being of others?
What concept involves concern for the welfare and well-being of others?
In the ESFT model, what does the 'T' stand for?
In the ESFT model, what does the 'T' stand for?
____ Prejudice in favour of or against one thing, person, or group as compared to another, in a way that is considered unfair.
____ Prejudice in favour of or against one thing, person, or group as compared to another, in a way that is considered unfair.
What is the purpose of the vascular phase in the body's response to injury or infection?
What is the purpose of the vascular phase in the body's response to injury or infection?
In the immune response, what is the role of antibodies in humoral immunity?
In the immune response, what is the role of antibodies in humoral immunity?
What does a high white blood cell count (WBC) typically indicate?
What does a high white blood cell count (WBC) typically indicate?
Which type of bacteria is considered a resident in the body, requiring friction for removal?
Which type of bacteria is considered a resident in the body, requiring friction for removal?
When should transmission-based precautions be used in healthcare settings?
When should transmission-based precautions be used in healthcare settings?
Which of these is a common malpractice allegation often seen in healthcare?
Which of these is a common malpractice allegation often seen in healthcare?
In cultural beliefs related to healthcare, what is emphasized as a cultural practice?
In cultural beliefs related to healthcare, what is emphasized as a cultural practice?
What is one aspect that is NOT included in culture assessment?
What is one aspect that is NOT included in culture assessment?
What is a key element of the Learn Model for patient care?
What is a key element of the Learn Model for patient care?
Which component is part of cultural beliefs in healthcare practices?
Which component is part of cultural beliefs in healthcare practices?
What is a misconception about stereotyping?
What is a misconception about stereotyping?
What is the main focus of valuing in the valuing process outlined in the text?
What is the main focus of valuing in the valuing process outlined in the text?
Which ethical principle emphasizes avoiding causing harm?
Which ethical principle emphasizes avoiding causing harm?
What does the concept of autonomy in nursing refer to?
What does the concept of autonomy in nursing refer to?
Which element is essential in proving negligence in nursing practice according to the text?
Which element is essential in proving negligence in nursing practice according to the text?
What is the primary focus of advocacy in nursing based on the provided information?
What is the primary focus of advocacy in nursing based on the provided information?
Which component is considered a major part of the infection cycle according to the text?
Which component is considered a major part of the infection cycle according to the text?
"Gram-positive" and "gram-negative" are terms used to classify what in microbiology?
"Gram-positive" and "gram-negative" are terms used to classify what in microbiology?
What do intentional torts primarily involve according to the text?
What do intentional torts primarily involve according to the text?
What is the primary factor in determining liability for negligence according to the text?
What is the primary factor in determining liability for negligence according to the text?
What is an essential means of transmitting infectious diseases as per the information provided?
What is an essential means of transmitting infectious diseases as per the information provided?
What is the primary function of antibodies in humoral immunity?
What is the primary function of antibodies in humoral immunity?
Which of the following types of precautions are used in healthcare settings for infections spread by contact, droplets, and airborne transmission?
Which of the following types of precautions are used in healthcare settings for infections spread by contact, droplets, and airborne transmission?
What is the most common malpractice allegation seen in healthcare?
What is the most common malpractice allegation seen in healthcare?
Which white blood cell type is the most predominant in a normal blood count?
Which white blood cell type is the most predominant in a normal blood count?
What does the term 'resident' refer to in the context of bacterial flora?
What does the term 'resident' refer to in the context of bacterial flora?
When should standard precautions be applied in healthcare settings?
When should standard precautions be applied in healthcare settings?
Which tool involves the components E-T-H-N-I-C for cultural interviewing?
Which tool involves the components E-T-H-N-I-C for cultural interviewing?
What is the primary focus of the Learn Model for patient care?
What is the primary focus of the Learn Model for patient care?
Which term refers to culturally based belief systems of the etiology of illness and disease and those related to health and healing?
Which term refers to culturally based belief systems of the etiology of illness and disease and those related to health and healing?
What does the 'S' stand for in the ESFT model?
What does the 'S' stand for in the ESFT model?
What is a common practice emphasized as part of cultural beliefs in healthcare?
What is a common practice emphasized as part of cultural beliefs in healthcare?
Which element is NOT part of the Learn Model for patient care?
Which element is NOT part of the Learn Model for patient care?
What is the primary focus of altruism in nursing ethics?
What is the primary focus of altruism in nursing ethics?
Which type of tort involves a wrong committed unintentionally by a person?
Which type of tort involves a wrong committed unintentionally by a person?
In nursing ethics, what does integrity primarily involve?
In nursing ethics, what does integrity primarily involve?
Which stage of infection is characterized by the presence of specific signs and symptoms?
Which stage of infection is characterized by the presence of specific signs and symptoms?
What is the primary role of leukocytes/neutrophils in the inflammatory response?
What is the primary role of leukocytes/neutrophils in the inflammatory response?
Which component of the infection cycle involves the natural habitat of infectious organisms?
Which component of the infection cycle involves the natural habitat of infectious organisms?
What is the primary classification category used for bacteria based on their shape?
What is the primary classification category used for bacteria based on their shape?
Which ethical principle emphasizes giving each their due and acting fairly?
Which ethical principle emphasizes giving each their due and acting fairly?
In nursing, what does advocacy primarily entail?
In nursing, what does advocacy primarily entail?
What is a key aspect of cultural beliefs in healthcare practices?
What is a key aspect of cultural beliefs in healthcare practices?
Which activity is part of the valuing process?
Which activity is part of the valuing process?
In culture assessment, what is NOT typically included?
In culture assessment, what is NOT typically included?
What do cultural beliefs in healthcare customs emphasize?
What do cultural beliefs in healthcare customs emphasize?
Which characteristic is related to the ESFT model?
Which characteristic is related to the ESFT model?
What is a significant element of the Activities of the valuing process?
What is a significant element of the Activities of the valuing process?
What is a primary focus of advocacy in nursing according to the text?
What is a primary focus of advocacy in nursing according to the text?
In the infection cycle, which component is responsible for the natural habitat of infectious organisms?
In the infection cycle, which component is responsible for the natural habitat of infectious organisms?
What is the primary role of leukocytes/neutrophils in the inflammatory response?
What is the primary role of leukocytes/neutrophils in the inflammatory response?
What is an essential means of transmitting infectious diseases as per the information provided?
What is an essential means of transmitting infectious diseases as per the information provided?
Which ethical principle emphasizes giving each their due and acting fairly?
Which ethical principle emphasizes giving each their due and acting fairly?
What does the term 'resident' refer to in the context of bacterial flora?
What does the term 'resident' refer to in the context of bacterial flora?
Which component is a major part of the immune response aiming to protect and defend the body?
Which component is a major part of the immune response aiming to protect and defend the body?
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Study Notes
Cultural Competence in Healthcare
- Importance of safety and quality measures in healthcare:
- Maintenance of health and prevention of illness
- Annual physical examinations and diagnostic procedures
- Critical importance of cultural competence in healthcare:
- Assessment of each patient individually to provide culturally respectful care
- Use of ESFT model (Explanatory, Social, Fears, and Therapeutic contracting)
- Cultural assessment of beliefs, values, traditions, and practices of a culture
- Culturally defined health-related needs of individuals, families, and communities
- Attitudes toward seeking help from care providers
Ethics in Healthcare
- Ethical principles:
- Autonomy: respect for patients' rights to make healthcare decisions
- Nonmaleficence: avoid causing harm
- Beneficence: benefit the patient
- Justice: give each their due and act fairly
- Ethical problems:
- Paternalism: undermining patient autonomy
- Deception: withholding or distorting information
- Privacy and social media: protecting patient confidentiality
- Allocation of scarce nursing resources
- Conflicts concerning new technologies
Infection Control
- Components of the infection cycle:
- Infectious agent: bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites
- Reservoir: natural habitat of the organism
- Portal of exit: point of escape for the organism
- Means of transmission: direct contact, indirect contact, airborne route
- Portal of entry: point at which organisms enter a new host
- Susceptible host: must overcome resistance mounted by host's defenses
- Types of infectious agents:
- Bacteria: most significant and most prevalent in hospitals
- Viruses: smallest of all microorganisms
- Fungi: plant-like organism present in air, soil, and water
- Parasites: live on or in a host and rely on it for nourishment
Malpractice and Liability
- Types of torts:
- Intentional: assault, battery, defamation, invasion of privacy, and fraud
- Unintentional: negligence, malpractice
- Four elements of liability:
- Duty: responsibility to provide care
- Breach of duty: failure to provide care
- Causation: link between breach of duty and harm
- Damages: harm or injury caused by breach of duty
- Elements of informed consent:
- Disclosure: providing information about treatment and risks
- Comprehension: patient's understanding of information
- Competence: patient's ability to make informed decisions
- Voluntariness: patient's autonomy in making decisions
Normal Lab Values
-
Normal WBC count: 5,000-10,000/mm3
-
Normal neutrophil count: 60-70%
-
Normal lymphocyte count: 20-40%
-
Normal monocyte count: 2-8%
-
Normal eosinophil count: 1-4%
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Normal basophil count: 0.5-1%### Ethical Principles in Nursing
-
Autonomy: respect the rights of patients to make healthcare decisions
-
Beneficence: benefit the patient
-
Justice: give each their due and act fairly
-
Fidelity: being loyal to patients and maintaining confidentiality
-
Veracity: telling the truth and being honest
-
Accountability: taking responsibility for one's actions
-
Privacy: respecting patients' personal and private information
-
Confidentiality: maintaining secrecy and discretion
-
Altruism: concern for the welfare and well-being of others
-
Human dignity: respect for the inherent worth and uniqueness of individuals and populations
-
Integrity: acting according to the code of ethics and standards of practice
-
Social justice: upholding moral, legal, and humanistic rights
Ethical Problems in Nursing
- Paternalism: when healthcare providers make decisions without consulting patients
- Deception: intentionally misleading or deceiving patients
- Privacy and social media: maintaining patient confidentiality in online platforms
- Confidentiality: maintaining secrecy and discretion
- Allocation of scarce nursing resources: making decisions about resource allocation
- Valid consent or refusal: obtaining informed consent from patients
- Conflicts concerning new technologies: addressing ethical issues in technology use
- Unprofessional, incompetent, unethical, or illegal physician practice: addressing unethical behavior
- Unprofessional, incompetent, unethical, or illegal nurse practice: addressing unethical behavior
- Short staffing issues: addressing the impact of staffing shortages on patient care
- Beginning of life issues: addressing ethical issues in neonatal care
- End of life issues: addressing ethical issues in palliative care
Crime and Torts
- Crime: a wrong against a person or their property, as well as the public
- Tort: a wrong committed by a person against another person or their property (tried in civil court)
- Types of Torts:
- Intentional torts
- Unintentional torts
- Negligence
- Malpractice
- Four elements of liability:
- Duty
- Breach of duty
- Causation
- Damages
Informed Consent
- Elements of informed consent:
- Disclosure
- Comprehension
- Competence
- Voluntariness
Infection Control
- Infectious agents:
- Bacteria
- Viruses
- Fungi
- Parasites
- Components of the infection cycle:
- Infectious agent
- Reservoir
- Portal of exit
- Means of transmission
- Portal of entry
- Susceptible host
- Reservoirs for microorganisms:
- Other people
- Animals
- Soil
- Food, water, milk
- Inanimate objects
- Means of transmission:
- Direct contact
- Indirect contact
- Vector
- Fomite
- Droplet
- Airborne
- Stages of infection:
- Incubation period
- Prodromal stage
- Full stage of illness
- Inflammatory response:
- Vascular phase
- Vasodilation
- Histamine release
- Cellular stage
- Leukocytes/neutrophils consume debris
- Damaged cells are repaired
- Vascular phase
Immune Response
- Antigen: foreign material
- Antibody: produced in response to antigens
- Immune response:
- Body attempts to protect and defend itself
- Humoral immunity
- Antibodies released
- Cell-mediated immunity
- Increase in lymphocytes
White Blood Cell Count and Bacterial Flora
- Elevated WBC count: 10,000-20,000/mm3
- Bacterial flora:
- Transient
- Resident
Hospital-Acquired Infections (HAI's)
- 7 types of HAI's:
- CAUTI
- SSI
- CLABSI
- MRSA
- C.diff
- CDI
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
- PPE equipment:
- Gloves
- Gowns
- Masks
- Eye protection
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