Understanding Cultural Stereotyping and Bias
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Questions and Answers

What term refers to the belief that everyone else should conform to your belief system?

  • Culture blindness
  • Cultural imposition (correct)
  • Stereotyping
  • Implicit bias

    • Which tool involves the components E-T-H-N-I-C for cultural interviewing?

  • Learn Model
  • Cultural beliefs in healthcare
  • Ethnic interviewing tool (correct)
  • Culture assessment

    • In the Learn Model, what does the 'N' stand for?

  • Acknowledge differences and similarities in perspectives
  • Listen to patient's perspective
  • Negotiate an agreed on treatment plan (correct)
  • Explain and share your perspective

    • Which term involves ignoring differences and proceeds as though they do not exist?

    <p>Culture blindness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does culture conflict entail?

    <p>Responding by ridiculing the beliefs and traditions of others</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect is included in culture assessment?

    <p>Beliefs, values, traditions, and practices of a culture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary commitment of advocacy in nursing?

    <p>Prioritizing the individual patient</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ethical principle involves respecting the rights of patients to make healthcare decisions?

    <p>Autonomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common aspect of ethical problems in nursing practice?

    <p>Paternalism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What concept involves concern for the welfare and well-being of others?

    <p>Altruism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the ESFT model, what does the 'T' stand for?

    <p>Therapeutic contracting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ____ Prejudice in favour of or against one thing, person, or group as compared to another, in a way that is considered unfair.

    <p>Implicit bias</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the vascular phase in the body's response to injury or infection?

    <p>To cause vasodilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the immune response, what is the role of antibodies in humoral immunity?

    <p>Neutralizing foreign material</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a high white blood cell count (WBC) typically indicate?

    <p>Injury or infection in the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of bacteria is considered a resident in the body, requiring friction for removal?

    <p>Resident Bacterial</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When should transmission-based precautions be used in healthcare settings?

    <p>With infections spread by contact, droplets, and airborne routes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is a common malpractice allegation often seen in healthcare?

    <p>Failure to ensure patient safety</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In cultural beliefs related to healthcare, what is emphasized as a cultural practice?

    <p>Annual physical examinations and diagnostic procedures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one aspect that is NOT included in culture assessment?

    <p>Omnipotence of technology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key element of the Learn Model for patient care?

    <p>Negotiating an agreed-on treatment plan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component is part of cultural beliefs in healthcare practices?

    <p>Use of a systematic approach and problem-solving methodology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a misconception about stereotyping?

    <p>It involves recognizing individual differences within a group</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of valuing in the valuing process outlined in the text?

    <p>Consistently aligning behavior with chosen ideals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ethical principle emphasizes avoiding causing harm?

    <p>Nonmaleficence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the concept of autonomy in nursing refer to?

    <p>Respecting patients' right to self-determination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which element is essential in proving negligence in nursing practice according to the text?

    <p>Causation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of advocacy in nursing based on the provided information?

    <p>Evaluating competing claims of autonomy and well-being</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component is considered a major part of the infection cycle according to the text?

    <p>Natural habitat of organisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    "Gram-positive" and "gram-negative" are terms used to classify what in microbiology?

    <p>Bacteria infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do intentional torts primarily involve according to the text?

    <p>Deliberate harmful actions like assault or defamation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary factor in determining liability for negligence according to the text?

    <p>Causation along with duty, breach of duty, and damages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an essential means of transmitting infectious diseases as per the information provided?

    <p>Insects carrying pathogens between hosts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of antibodies in humoral immunity?

    <p>Attach to antigens and mark them for destruction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following types of precautions are used in healthcare settings for infections spread by contact, droplets, and airborne transmission?

    <p>Transmission-based precautions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common malpractice allegation seen in healthcare?

    <p>Failure to ensure patient safety</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which white blood cell type is the most predominant in a normal blood count?

    <p>Neutrophils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'resident' refer to in the context of bacterial flora?

    <p>Found in skin creases and requires friction for removal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When should standard precautions be applied in healthcare settings?

    <p>For all infections regardless of transmission route</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tool involves the components E-T-H-N-I-C for cultural interviewing?

    <p>Ethnic interviewing tool</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of the Learn Model for patient care?

    <p>Listen to patient's perspective</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term refers to culturally based belief systems of the etiology of illness and disease and those related to health and healing?

    <p>Culturally based belief systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the 'S' stand for in the ESFT model?

    <p>Explanatory model of Health and illness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common practice emphasized as part of cultural beliefs in healthcare?

    <p>Annual physical examinations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which element is NOT part of the Learn Model for patient care?

    <p>Intervention</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of altruism in nursing ethics?

    <p>Concern for welfare and well-being of others</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of tort involves a wrong committed unintentionally by a person?

    <p>Negligence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In nursing ethics, what does integrity primarily involve?

    <p>Acting according to code of ethics and standards of practice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which stage of infection is characterized by the presence of specific signs and symptoms?

    <p>Full stage of illness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of leukocytes/neutrophils in the inflammatory response?

    <p>Consuming debris</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of the infection cycle involves the natural habitat of infectious organisms?

    <p>Reservoir</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary classification category used for bacteria based on their shape?

    <p>Response to gram staining</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ethical principle emphasizes giving each their due and acting fairly?

    <p>Justice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In nursing, what does advocacy primarily entail?

    <p>Prioritizing individual patient's well-being over society as a whole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key aspect of cultural beliefs in healthcare practices?

    <p>Standardised definitions of health and illness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which activity is part of the valuing process?

    <p>Documentation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In culture assessment, what is NOT typically included?

    <p>Fears and Concerns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do cultural beliefs in healthcare customs emphasize?

    <p>Adherence to the pecking order found in autocratic systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic is related to the ESFT model?

    <p>Prizing (treasuring)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant element of the Activities of the valuing process?

    <p>(treasuring) actions after careful consideration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary focus of advocacy in nursing according to the text?

    <p>Upholding moral, legal, and humanistic rights</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the infection cycle, which component is responsible for the natural habitat of infectious organisms?

    <p>Reservoir</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of leukocytes/neutrophils in the inflammatory response?

    <p>Consume debris</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an essential means of transmitting infectious diseases as per the information provided?

    <p>Direct contact</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ethical principle emphasizes giving each their due and acting fairly?

    <p>Justice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'resident' refer to in the context of bacterial flora?

    <p>Bacteria found in creases on skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component is a major part of the immune response aiming to protect and defend the body?

    <p>Antibody production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Cultural Competence in Healthcare

    • Importance of safety and quality measures in healthcare:
      • Maintenance of health and prevention of illness
      • Annual physical examinations and diagnostic procedures
    • Critical importance of cultural competence in healthcare:
      • Assessment of each patient individually to provide culturally respectful care
      • Use of ESFT model (Explanatory, Social, Fears, and Therapeutic contracting)
      • Cultural assessment of beliefs, values, traditions, and practices of a culture
      • Culturally defined health-related needs of individuals, families, and communities
      • Attitudes toward seeking help from care providers

    Ethics in Healthcare

    • Ethical principles:
      • Autonomy: respect for patients' rights to make healthcare decisions
      • Nonmaleficence: avoid causing harm
      • Beneficence: benefit the patient
      • Justice: give each their due and act fairly
    • Ethical problems:
      • Paternalism: undermining patient autonomy
      • Deception: withholding or distorting information
      • Privacy and social media: protecting patient confidentiality
      • Allocation of scarce nursing resources
      • Conflicts concerning new technologies

    Infection Control

    • Components of the infection cycle:
      • Infectious agent: bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites
      • Reservoir: natural habitat of the organism
      • Portal of exit: point of escape for the organism
      • Means of transmission: direct contact, indirect contact, airborne route
      • Portal of entry: point at which organisms enter a new host
      • Susceptible host: must overcome resistance mounted by host's defenses
    • Types of infectious agents:
      • Bacteria: most significant and most prevalent in hospitals
      • Viruses: smallest of all microorganisms
      • Fungi: plant-like organism present in air, soil, and water
      • Parasites: live on or in a host and rely on it for nourishment

    Malpractice and Liability

    • Types of torts:
      • Intentional: assault, battery, defamation, invasion of privacy, and fraud
      • Unintentional: negligence, malpractice
    • Four elements of liability:
      • Duty: responsibility to provide care
      • Breach of duty: failure to provide care
      • Causation: link between breach of duty and harm
      • Damages: harm or injury caused by breach of duty
    • Elements of informed consent:
      • Disclosure: providing information about treatment and risks
      • Comprehension: patient's understanding of information
      • Competence: patient's ability to make informed decisions
      • Voluntariness: patient's autonomy in making decisions

    Normal Lab Values

    • Normal WBC count: 5,000-10,000/mm3

    • Normal neutrophil count: 60-70%

    • Normal lymphocyte count: 20-40%

    • Normal monocyte count: 2-8%

    • Normal eosinophil count: 1-4%

    • Normal basophil count: 0.5-1%### Ethical Principles in Nursing

    • Autonomy: respect the rights of patients to make healthcare decisions

    • Beneficence: benefit the patient

    • Justice: give each their due and act fairly

    • Fidelity: being loyal to patients and maintaining confidentiality

    • Veracity: telling the truth and being honest

    • Accountability: taking responsibility for one's actions

    • Privacy: respecting patients' personal and private information

    • Confidentiality: maintaining secrecy and discretion

    • Altruism: concern for the welfare and well-being of others

    • Human dignity: respect for the inherent worth and uniqueness of individuals and populations

    • Integrity: acting according to the code of ethics and standards of practice

    • Social justice: upholding moral, legal, and humanistic rights

    Ethical Problems in Nursing

    • Paternalism: when healthcare providers make decisions without consulting patients
    • Deception: intentionally misleading or deceiving patients
    • Privacy and social media: maintaining patient confidentiality in online platforms
    • Confidentiality: maintaining secrecy and discretion
    • Allocation of scarce nursing resources: making decisions about resource allocation
    • Valid consent or refusal: obtaining informed consent from patients
    • Conflicts concerning new technologies: addressing ethical issues in technology use
    • Unprofessional, incompetent, unethical, or illegal physician practice: addressing unethical behavior
    • Unprofessional, incompetent, unethical, or illegal nurse practice: addressing unethical behavior
    • Short staffing issues: addressing the impact of staffing shortages on patient care
    • Beginning of life issues: addressing ethical issues in neonatal care
    • End of life issues: addressing ethical issues in palliative care

    Crime and Torts

    • Crime: a wrong against a person or their property, as well as the public
    • Tort: a wrong committed by a person against another person or their property (tried in civil court)
    • Types of Torts:
      • Intentional torts
      • Unintentional torts
        • Negligence
        • Malpractice
    • Four elements of liability:
      • Duty
      • Breach of duty
      • Causation
      • Damages
    • Elements of informed consent:
      • Disclosure
      • Comprehension
      • Competence
      • Voluntariness

    Infection Control

    • Infectious agents:
      • Bacteria
      • Viruses
      • Fungi
      • Parasites
    • Components of the infection cycle:
      • Infectious agent
      • Reservoir
      • Portal of exit
      • Means of transmission
      • Portal of entry
      • Susceptible host
    • Reservoirs for microorganisms:
      • Other people
      • Animals
      • Soil
      • Food, water, milk
      • Inanimate objects
    • Means of transmission:
      • Direct contact
      • Indirect contact
        • Vector
        • Fomite
      • Droplet
      • Airborne
    • Stages of infection:
      • Incubation period
      • Prodromal stage
      • Full stage of illness
    • Inflammatory response:
      • Vascular phase
        • Vasodilation
        • Histamine release
      • Cellular stage
        • Leukocytes/neutrophils consume debris
        • Damaged cells are repaired

    Immune Response

    • Antigen: foreign material
    • Antibody: produced in response to antigens
    • Immune response:
      • Body attempts to protect and defend itself
      • Humoral immunity
        • Antibodies released
      • Cell-mediated immunity
        • Increase in lymphocytes

    White Blood Cell Count and Bacterial Flora

    • Elevated WBC count: 10,000-20,000/mm3
    • Bacterial flora:
      • Transient
      • Resident

    Hospital-Acquired Infections (HAI's)

    • 7 types of HAI's:
      • CAUTI
      • SSI
      • CLABSI
      • MRSA
      • C.diff
      • CDI

    Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

    • PPE equipment:
      • Gloves
      • Gowns
      • Masks
      • Eye protection

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    Test your knowledge on concepts like stereotyping, implicit bias, cultural imposition, culture blindness, and culture conflict. Explore how individuals perceive and navigate through cultural differences and conflicts.

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