Implicit Race Bias and Stereotyping

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Questions and Answers

What component does implicit evaluative bias predominantly reflect?

Cognitive components that involve conscious thinking

Social components influenced by cultural norms

Affective components that involve emotional responses (correct)

Behavioral components that demonstrate overt actions

In the context of implicit bias, what distinguishes automatic processes from controlled processes?

Controlled processes often yield immediate evaluations.

Controlled processes rely on instinctual responses.

Automatic processes are typically faster and do not require effort. (correct)

Automatic processes require conscious deliberation.

Which neurocognitive model aspect is least likely to relate to implicit biases?

The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis functioning (correct)

Implicit associations reflecting social attitudes

Neocortical regions associated with semantic associations

Region interactions with emotional processing

What did Fazio et al. (1995) specifically find about implicit evaluative bias?

It was associated with less friendly behavior toward a Black experimenter. Signup and view all the answers

Which measurement involves assessing implicit bias through reactions to pleasant and unpleasant stimuli?

Implicit Association Test (IAT) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of implicit bias measurement?

It relies on self-reported attitudes. Signup and view all the answers

What type of interactions were associated with greater implicit evaluative bias?

More uncomfortable interactions, like less eye contact Signup and view all the answers

What role does race play in the automatic processes outlined in the implicit bias context?

Race can trigger immediate emotional responses that influence behavior. Signup and view all the answers

What does the D score in the study measure?

The difference between incompatible and compatible mean reaction times Signup and view all the answers

Which components are highlighted as generally independent in the biases observed?

Athleticism, rhythmicity, and intelligence Signup and view all the answers

What factor was included in the analysis regarding participant responses?

The penalty imposed on error responses Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic of responses indicated a need for data exclusion?

Responses that were faster than 300 ms Signup and view all the answers

What type of testing method was primarily used to examine evidence for implicit bias in the study?

Two-tailed t tests of D scores Signup and view all the answers

Which attribute was NOT listed as central to the stereotypes associated with African Americans?

Creativity Signup and view all the answers

How did the results regarding evaluative IAT scores compare to zero?

They were significantly greater than zero Signup and view all the answers

What does the study suggest about the activation of a central stereotype?

It typically activates a broader constellation of stereotypes Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between implicit stereotyping and implicit evaluation?

They are considered independent constructs. Signup and view all the answers

Which process is considered more automatic in terms of implicit bias?

Affective associations with race. Signup and view all the answers

What type of constructs do implicit evaluation and implicit stereotyping represent?

Culturally defined stereotypes. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes how implicit biases are measured?

Using tasks that assess both stereotyping and evaluation. Signup and view all the answers

In the context of social cognition, what role do affect- and semantic-based associations play?

They may influence higher order information processing. Signup and view all the answers

What common misconception might individuals have about the relationship between implicit stereotyping and evaluation?

They always result in identical behavioral outcomes. Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect of implicit biases is most often studied independently according to past research?

The operational mechanisms of evaluation. Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to consider distinct operations of implicit stereotyping and evaluation?

To understand their separate behavioral effects. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Stereotyping and Evaluation in Implicit Race Bias

Implicit stereotyping and prejudice are distinct processes, arising from different brain regions (semantic vs. affective memory systems).
Implicit stereotyping predicts instrumental behaviors (judgments, impressions).
Implicit evaluation predicts consummatory behaviors (preferences, social distance).
Implicit stereotyping and evaluation are independent constructs.
Studies 2 and 3 show unique effects of implicit stereotyping and evaluation on self-reported and behavioral responses to African Americans.

Distinctions Between Affect and Cognition

Affect and cognition are key components of race bias.
Prejudice involves negative affective responses toward outgroups.
Stereotyping involves cognitive representations of beliefs about outgroups (cultural beliefs).
Prejudice and stereotyping are distinguishable in explicit race bias research.
Different neural pathways are involved in affective and cognitive learning and memory.

Relationship Between Implicit Stereotyping and Evaluation

The relationship between affective and cognitive aspects of implicit bias has not been extensively studied.
Most expressed race biases reflect a combination of affect and cognition.
African American stereotypes are usually negatively-valenced (unintelligent, hostile, poor).
Underlying distinctions between affective and cognitive components of implicit race bias are important to understand.

Distinct Neural Substrates for Basic Affective and Semantic Associations

Affective learning involves the amygdala and subcortical circuits; this learning is fast and extinguishes slowly.
Semantic learning involves neocortical structures and relies on language and conceptual priming.
Semantic associations do not require affective input; they are generally independent of affect-based pathways.

Differential Effects of Implicit Evaluative Race Bias and Stereotyping on Behavior

Instrumental behaviors (e.g. judgments) and consummatory actions (e.g. preferences) can have different implicit race bias predictions.
Affect-based race bias measures relate to basic approach/avoidance responses, versus cognitive measures relating to stereotype endorsement.

Study 1: Method and Results

Study 1 used the Implicit Association Test (IAT) to measure implicit stereotyping and evaluative race bias.
Evaluative IAT scores were significantly greater than zero (negative evaluative association with Black faces).
Stereotyping IAT scores were also significantly greater than zero (stereotypic associations with Black vs. White faces).
Implicit stereotyping and evaluation scores were uncorrelated.

Study 2: Method and Results

Study 2 used an African American essay writer to assess instrumental and consummatory behaviors.
Participants' evaluative race bias (IAT) scores did not predict stereotype ratings
Higher stereotyping IAT scores were associated with more stereotypic ratings.
Evaluative IAT scores were associated with less desire to befriend the writer.

Study 3: Method and Results

Study 3 involved two sessions, one for IATs, the other for interactions with a perceived African American partner.
Participants' evaluative IAT scores were associated with larger distances from the partner.
Implicit stereotyping IAT scores predicted stereotype-consistent expectations for the partner's performance.

General Discussion

Implicit stereotyping and evaluative race bias are independent constructs.
Implicit stereotyping predicts instrumental behavior.
Implicit evaluation predicts consummatory behavior.

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Description

This quiz delves into the concepts of implicit stereotyping and evaluation in the context of race bias. It explores the distinct processes of implicit stereotyping and prejudice while examining their impact on behaviors and attitudes toward African Americans. Test your understanding of how affect and cognition influence race bias.