Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which connective tissue sheath surrounds multiple fascicles?
Which connective tissue sheath surrounds multiple fascicles?
Which type of nerve injury can cause numbness, paresthesia, pain, and sometimes muscle weakness if it lasts longer than 2 hours?
Which type of nerve injury can cause numbness, paresthesia, pain, and sometimes muscle weakness if it lasts longer than 2 hours?
What can happen to a nerve when it is torn or cut?
What can happen to a nerve when it is torn or cut?
Which factor can shut off the electrical impulse of a nerve when experienced for prolonged periods?
Which factor can shut off the electrical impulse of a nerve when experienced for prolonged periods?
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What are some sites of vulnerability for nerve injury?
What are some sites of vulnerability for nerve injury?
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At what elongation of a nerve does cessation of blood flow occur during a stretching injury?
At what elongation of a nerve does cessation of blood flow occur during a stretching injury?
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Which level of nerve injury involves loss of axon continuity with preservation of endoneurium and fascicular structure?
Which level of nerve injury involves loss of axon continuity with preservation of endoneurium and fascicular structure?
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Which nerve is responsible for innervating the triceps and the brachioradialis?
Which nerve is responsible for innervating the triceps and the brachioradialis?
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What is the clinical finding associated with scapular fracture or forceful protraction?
What is the clinical finding associated with scapular fracture or forceful protraction?
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What is the treatment option for scapular fracture or forceful protraction?
What is the treatment option for scapular fracture or forceful protraction?
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What is the cause of radial tunnel syndrome?
What is the cause of radial tunnel syndrome?
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What are the clinical findings of posterior interosseous syndrome?
What are the clinical findings of posterior interosseous syndrome?
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What is the cause of carpal tunnel syndrome?
What is the cause of carpal tunnel syndrome?
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What are the risk factors for carpal tunnel syndrome?
What are the risk factors for carpal tunnel syndrome?
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Which grade of Wallerian degeneration is characterized by loss of axons and endoneurium with retained fascicles and perineurium?
Which grade of Wallerian degeneration is characterized by loss of axons and endoneurium with retained fascicles and perineurium?
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Which trunk of the brachial plexus consists of C5 and C6 nerve roots?
Which trunk of the brachial plexus consists of C5 and C6 nerve roots?
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What can cause impingement of the brachial plexus cords in thoracic outlet syndrome?
What can cause impingement of the brachial plexus cords in thoracic outlet syndrome?
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Which test is used to evaluate thoracic outlet syndrome by having the patient raise their arm above 90 degrees of abduction with elbow flexed and observing for symptoms?
Which test is used to evaluate thoracic outlet syndrome by having the patient raise their arm above 90 degrees of abduction with elbow flexed and observing for symptoms?
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What is the treatment for thoracic outlet syndrome that involves manual therapy to mobilize the first rib and scapula?
What is the treatment for thoracic outlet syndrome that involves manual therapy to mobilize the first rib and scapula?
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Which nerve innervates the supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles and can be compressed in the suprascapular foramen area?
Which nerve innervates the supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles and can be compressed in the suprascapular foramen area?
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What can cause compression of the suprascapular nerve in the foramen area?
What can cause compression of the suprascapular nerve in the foramen area?
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Which nerve follows along the medial head of the triceps and enters the hand through the canal of Guyon?
Which nerve follows along the medial head of the triceps and enters the hand through the canal of Guyon?
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Where is the Guyon canal located?
Where is the Guyon canal located?
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What is the most common cause of Tardy Ulnar Palsy?
What is the most common cause of Tardy Ulnar Palsy?
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Which finger is most affected by ulnar nerve injury within the Guyon canal?
Which finger is most affected by ulnar nerve injury within the Guyon canal?
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What is the treatment for peripheral nerve injury?
What is the treatment for peripheral nerve injury?
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What is the main symptom of ulnar nerve injury at the elbow close to the medial epicondyle?
What is the main symptom of ulnar nerve injury at the elbow close to the medial epicondyle?
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What can cause entrapment in the Cubital Tunnel?
What can cause entrapment in the Cubital Tunnel?
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What is the most common cause of ulnar tunnel syndrome (Guyon Canal Syndrome)?
What is the most common cause of ulnar tunnel syndrome (Guyon Canal Syndrome)?
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What is the effect of ulnar nerve injury on the hypothenar eminence?
What is the effect of ulnar nerve injury on the hypothenar eminence?
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Study Notes
Connective Tissue and Nerve Injury
- The epineurium is the connective tissue sheath that surrounds multiple fascicles in a nerve.
- A nerve injury lasting longer than 2 hours can cause numbness, paresthesia, pain, and potential muscle weakness.
- Nerves can undergo degeneration when torn or cut, impacting their ability to transmit impulses effectively.
- Prolonged exposure to painful stimuli can shut off the electrical impulse of a nerve.
Vulnerability and Injury Elongation
- Common sites of vulnerability for nerve injury include areas where nerves pass through narrow spaces or are subject to repetitive strain.
- Blood flow cessation occurs in a nerve at approximately 8-10% elongation during a stretching injury.
Levels and Causes of Nerve Injury
- Level II nerve injury involves loss of axon continuity while preserving endoneurium and fascicular structure.
- The radial nerve innervates the triceps and brachioradialis.
- Scapular fracture or forceful protraction commonly leads to winging of the scapula.
Treatment and Syndromes
- Treatment options for scapular fractures often include physical therapy and, in severe cases, surgical intervention.
- Radial tunnel syndrome results from compression of the radial nerve, often presenting with pain in the forearm.
- Clinical findings for posterior interosseous syndrome include weakness in finger extension and wrist drop.
- Carpal tunnel syndrome is caused by compression of the median nerve at the wrist, often associated with repetitive movements.
Risk Factors and Degeneration
- Risk factors for carpal tunnel syndrome include repetitive hand movements, pregnancy, and certain health conditions like diabetes.
- Grade III Wallerian degeneration is characterized by loss of both axons and endoneurium, but fascicular and perineurial structure remains intact.
Brachial Plexus and Thoracic Outlet Syndrome
- The upper trunk of the brachial plexus contains C5 and C6 nerve roots.
- Thoracic outlet syndrome can be caused by anatomical anomalies, such as cervical ribs or tight musculature.
- The Adson maneuver is used to evaluate thoracic outlet syndrome, assessing symptoms during arm abduction above 90 degrees.
- Treatment for thoracic outlet syndrome may involve manual therapy aimed at mobilizing the first rib and scapula.
Nerve Compression and Injuries
- The suprascapular nerve, innervating the supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles, can be compressed in the suprascapular foramen region.
- Compression causes of the suprascapular nerve include shoulder instability and anatomical variations.
- The ulnar nerve follows along the medial head of the triceps and enters the hand through the canal of Guyon, located at the wrist.
Common Injuries and Treatments
- Tardy Ulnar Palsy is most commonly caused by trauma or chronic compression of the ulnar nerve.
- The little finger is typically most affected by ulnar nerve injury within the Guyon canal.
- Peripheral nerve injury treatment often involves rehabilitation exercises and, in some cases, surgical repair.
- A primary symptom of ulnar nerve injury at the elbow near the medial epicondyle is radiating pain and tingling sensations in the hand.
- Possible causes of entrapment in the Cubital Tunnel include repetitive elbow flexion and trauma.
- The most common cause of ulnar tunnel syndrome (Guyon Canal Syndrome) is prolonged pressure or compression in the canal.
- Ulnar nerve injury adversely affects the hypothenar eminence, resulting in weakness and atrophy of the related muscles.
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Description
Test your knowledge on OH athlete injuries with this quiz! Learn about the connection between repetitive protraction and retraction trauma and scapular fractures, as well as the potential for nerve tearing. Identify clinical findings such as deep shoulder pain and weakness in specific muscles. Challenge yourself with questions related to impingement, UE tests, and more.
