Peripheral Nerve Injury Classification
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Questions and Answers

What is the consequence of rupture of vesicles in a nerve?

  • Instant recovery of nerve function
  • Complete loss of motor function
  • Fibrillation potential, making the muscle weak (correct)
  • Resistance and decrease in fiber activity

    • What is the prognosis for patients with lumbar disc prolapse?

  • Poor, and may require surgical repair (correct)
  • Moderate, with a recovery period of weeks to months
  • Unknown, as it depends on individual factors
  • Good, with a recovery rate of 1-4 mm per day

    • What type of lesion is characterized by local demyelination?

  • Neurapraxia (correct)
  • Demyelination
  • Axonotmesis
  • Neuroma

    • What is the purpose of Electromyography (EMG) in nerve damage diagnosis?

    <p>To detect fibrillation potentials or positive sharp waves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of therapy is used when a muscle is not working?

    <p>Passive motion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the rate of recovery for patients with nerve damage?

    <p>1-4 mm per day</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for nerve degeneration resulting in axonal disruption?

    <p>Axonotmesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary problem in Neurapraxia?

    <p>Local demyelination in the nerve segment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of nerve degeneration occurs in Axonotmesis?

    <p>Axonal degeneration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of therapy is commonly used to aid nerve regeneration?

    <p>Laser therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary site of damage in Axonotmesis?

    <p>Axon and neurilemmal sheath</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a condition where the nerve is compressed, resulting in pain, numbness, and muscle weakness?

    <p>Peripheral nerve entrapment syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic symptom of Neurapraxia?

    <p>Temporary interruption of conduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for nerve degeneration that affects both the axon and neurilemmal sheath?

    <p>All nerve degeneration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of complete compression of a nerve in a peripheral nerve entrapment syndrome?

    <p>Paralysis in the muscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a condition where the myelin sheath is damaged, resulting in demyelination at the peripheral nerve?

    <p>Demyelinating neuropathy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of complete compression in terms of sensation?

    <p>Complete loss of sensation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of NCV across the site of lesion in Axonotmesis?

    <p>Lost NCV distal to the site of lesion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is observed in EMG during maximum voluntary contraction of the affected muscles in Axonotmesis?

    <p>No MUP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the condition characterized by local demyelination?

    <p>Neurapraxia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the duration before NCV is lost or decreased in Axonotmesis?

    <p>7-10 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is observed in EMG at rest in Axonotmesis?

    <p>Silence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of denervation in Axonotmesis?

    <p>Supersensitivity to ACH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the condition characterized by loss of axon?

    <p>Axonotmesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Peripheral Nerve Injury

    • Peripheral nerve entrapment syndromes are a common condition in the upper limb, resulting from the persistent application of pressure to a nerve.
    • Symptoms include pain, numbness, tingling, muscle weakness, and atrophy.
    • The distribution of symptoms depends upon the nerve affected.

    Classification of Peripheral Nerve Injury

    • Neurapraxia: Temporary interruption of conduction, with a problem at the myelin sheath.
    • Axonotmesis: Axonal interruption, with the neurilemmal sheath intact.
    • Neurotmesis: All nerve interruption, with both axon and neurilemmal sheath affected.

    Clinical Presentation

    • Weakness or paralysis in the muscles supplied by the affected nerve.
    • Decreased or lost interference pattern.
    • Fibrillation potential and positive sharp waves of the affected muscles.

    Prognosis

    • Neurapraxia: Completely reversible when the cause is removed, with a good rate of recovery (1-4 mm per day).
    • Axonotmesis: Poor prognosis and may need surgical repair.
    • Neurotmesis: Poor prognosis and may need surgical repair.

    Rehabilitation

    • Passive motion and active exercises.
    • Electrotherapy (ES) according to each nerve.
    • Sensory reeducation (if sensation is affected) ± splints.
    • Laser therapy (common in all nerve lesions, helps with nerve regeneration).

    Electrodiagnostic Tests

    • NCV (Nerve Conduction Velocity): Decreased or absent NCV, with normal NCV above and below the site of lesion.
    • EMG (Electromyography): At rest, fibrillation potentials or positive sharp waves of the affected muscles.
    • Interference Pattern: Decreased or lost during maximum contraction, with silent EMG at rest.

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    Description

    This quiz covers the classification of peripheral nerve injuries, including neurapraxia, axonotmesis, and neurotmesis, and their symptoms.

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