Types of Solutions in Pharmacy
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of syrups in medicinal preparations?

  • To mask unpleasant tastes (correct)
  • To provide a concentrated effect
  • To increase the alcohol content of the solution
  • To facilitate absorption in the bloodstream

    • Which of the following describes the composition of elixirs?

  • A combination of alcohol and water (correct)
  • A mixture of sugar and water
  • A fatty oil dissolved in alcohol
  • Concentrated extracts of plants

    • What is the main solvent used in tinctures?

  • Water only
  • A combination of oil and water
  • Alcohol, potentially with some water (correct)
  • Sugar and water

    • What characteristic of spirits makes them important to handle carefully?

    <p>They are highly volatile</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What application is characteristic of topical dosage forms?

    <p>Application to skin surfaces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the abbreviation 'IV' stand for?

    <p>Intravenous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which abbreviation indicates administration by mouth?

    <p>PO</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'AC' stand for in the context of times of administration?

    <p>Before meals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following abbreviations indicates 'both ears'?

    <p>A.U.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the meaning of the abbreviation 'b.i.d.'?

    <p>Twice a day</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which abbreviation represents 'to keep open'?

    <p>KVO</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the abbreviation 'qm' signify?

    <p>Every morning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which route is indicated by 'NGT'?

    <p>Nasogastric tube</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of ointments?

    <p>They contain medicinal substances in petrolatum.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is true regarding creams?

    <p>They are water-soluble and can be removed with water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary use of pastes in medicinal applications?

    <p>For their good protective quality.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Lotion is considered best for which purpose?

    <p>Protection and anti-pruritic purposes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of powders in topical applications?

    <p>They promote drying and have lubricant properties.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of oils in topical dosages?

    <p>To act as liquid that is not water-soluble.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following properties best describes gels/jellies?

    <p>Usually clear or translucent.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Tape in drug delivery is characterized by which feature?

    <p>It releases drugs uniformly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is essential to do with a suspension before administration?

    <p>Shake it thoroughly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these formulations is best suited for application on large areas with hairy portions?

    <p>Lotion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a crucial step to take before administering a drug mixture?

    <p>Consult a pharmacist for safety confirmation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about pre-filled cartridges and syringes is correct?

    <p>They already contain the desired air bubble.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should drug mixtures not be administered until their safety is assured?

    <p>To prevent adverse interactions or effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does altered absorption in drug interaction imply?

    <p>Some drugs may inhibit the absorption of others</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which is not a responsibility of nurses when dealing with drug incompatibilities?

    <p>Administering any mixture without checking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should air be managed in the administration of medication from a pre-filled syringe?

    <p>Leave the air bubble intact to aid in administration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When combining two drugs, what is essential to ascertain?

    <p>The stability and safety of the mixture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for the importance of consulting a pharmacist regarding drug incompatibilities?

    <p>Pharmacists can confirm the safety of drug combinations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the abbreviation NPO mean in a medical context?

    <p>Nothing by mouth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How often should a medication indicated by the abbreviation T.i.d. be administered?

    <p>Three times a day</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following options correctly identifies a solution with 5% dextrose?

    <p>5% Dextrose in Water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the abbreviation PRN signify in a prescription?

    <p>As needed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which abbreviation corresponds to a solution containing 0.45% sodium chloride?

    <p>1/2 NSS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Stat mean in a medical directive?

    <p>Immediately</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the abbreviation for Normal Saline Solution?

    <p>0.9 NaCl</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT an abbreviation for a solution with dextrose?

    <p>PLRS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Types of Solutions

    • Syrups: High sugar concentration solutions designed to mask bitter tastes, often used in children's medications.
    • Elixir: A mixture of alcohol and water used to dissolve substances that don't dissolve in water alone.
    • Tincture: Primarily composed of alcohol with possible water inclusion, used for its higher alcohol content.
    • Spirit: Alcoholic solutions containing volatile drugs, also referred to as essences. Must be stored securely due to volatility.

    Topical Dosage Forms

    • Ointments: Semi-solid preparations in petrolatum, greasy and water-resistant, effective for prolonged skin application.
    • Creams: Semi-solid, usually white, and water-removable, ideal for moist skin areas.
    • Pastes: Stiff, high-starch content formulations that provide protective qualities and absorb secretions from skin lesions.
    • Lotions: Liquids with varying viscosities, effective for protection and cleansing of large surface areas.
    • Gels/Jellies: Clear or translucent, semi-solid forms utilized for targeted application and occlusive properties.
    • Powders: Can be shaken or blown onto affected areas, promote drying, and reduce friction.
    • Oils: Non-water soluble liquids, sometimes found in capsules; utilized for their lubricant properties.
    • Tape: Allows for uniform drug release directly onto the skin, suitable for localized treatments.

    Pre-Filled Cartridges and Syringe

    • Contain permanently attached needles, eliminating the need for aspiration.
    • Designed to ensure air/bubble is positioned correctly to aid in proper administration.

    Drug Interaction and Pharmacokinetics

    • Altered Absorption: Interaction among drugs can inhibit the absorption of one drug by affecting its passage through biological membranes.

    Routes of Drug Administration Abbreviations

    • Common routes include:
      • IM: Intramuscular
      • IV: Intravenous
      • SC: Subcutaneous
      • PO: By mouth

    Times of Administration Abbreviations

    • AC: Before meals
    • PC: After meals
    • B.i.d.: Twice a day
    • PRN: As needed

    Intravenous Solution Abbreviations

    • D5W: 5% Dextrose in Water
    • NSS: Normal Saline Solution
    • D5LRS: 5% Dextrose in Lactated Ringer's Solution
    • D5IMB: Balance Multiple Maintenance Solution with 5% Dextrose in D5 Water with Light Potassium

    Nursing Responsibilities

    • Shake suspensions before administration as solids may settle.
    • Ensure mixtures of drugs are reviewed with a pharmacist to confirm safety and stability before patient administration.

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    Description

    This quiz covers various types of solutions used in the pharmaceutical field, focusing on syrups and elixirs. Understand the composition and purposes of these solutions, particularly in relation to drug formulation for children and other applications in medicine.

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