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Questions and Answers
What is the primary purpose of syrups in medicinal preparations?
What is the primary purpose of syrups in medicinal preparations?
- To mask unpleasant tastes (correct)
- To provide a concentrated effect
- To increase the alcohol content of the solution
- To facilitate absorption in the bloodstream
Which of the following describes the composition of elixirs?
Which of the following describes the composition of elixirs?
- A combination of alcohol and water (correct)
- A mixture of sugar and water
- A fatty oil dissolved in alcohol
- Concentrated extracts of plants
What is the main solvent used in tinctures?
What is the main solvent used in tinctures?
- Water only
- A combination of oil and water
- Alcohol, potentially with some water (correct)
- Sugar and water
What characteristic of spirits makes them important to handle carefully?
What characteristic of spirits makes them important to handle carefully?
What application is characteristic of topical dosage forms?
What application is characteristic of topical dosage forms?
What does the abbreviation 'IV' stand for?
What does the abbreviation 'IV' stand for?
Which abbreviation indicates administration by mouth?
Which abbreviation indicates administration by mouth?
What does 'AC' stand for in the context of times of administration?
What does 'AC' stand for in the context of times of administration?
Which of the following abbreviations indicates 'both ears'?
Which of the following abbreviations indicates 'both ears'?
What is the meaning of the abbreviation 'b.i.d.'?
What is the meaning of the abbreviation 'b.i.d.'?
Which abbreviation represents 'to keep open'?
Which abbreviation represents 'to keep open'?
What does the abbreviation 'qm' signify?
What does the abbreviation 'qm' signify?
Which route is indicated by 'NGT'?
Which route is indicated by 'NGT'?
What is the primary characteristic of ointments?
What is the primary characteristic of ointments?
Which statement is true regarding creams?
Which statement is true regarding creams?
What is the primary use of pastes in medicinal applications?
What is the primary use of pastes in medicinal applications?
Lotion is considered best for which purpose?
Lotion is considered best for which purpose?
What is a key characteristic of powders in topical applications?
What is a key characteristic of powders in topical applications?
What is the primary function of oils in topical dosages?
What is the primary function of oils in topical dosages?
Which of the following properties best describes gels/jellies?
Which of the following properties best describes gels/jellies?
Tape in drug delivery is characterized by which feature?
Tape in drug delivery is characterized by which feature?
What is essential to do with a suspension before administration?
What is essential to do with a suspension before administration?
Which of these formulations is best suited for application on large areas with hairy portions?
Which of these formulations is best suited for application on large areas with hairy portions?
What is a crucial step to take before administering a drug mixture?
What is a crucial step to take before administering a drug mixture?
Which statement about pre-filled cartridges and syringes is correct?
Which statement about pre-filled cartridges and syringes is correct?
Why should drug mixtures not be administered until their safety is assured?
Why should drug mixtures not be administered until their safety is assured?
What does altered absorption in drug interaction imply?
What does altered absorption in drug interaction imply?
Which is not a responsibility of nurses when dealing with drug incompatibilities?
Which is not a responsibility of nurses when dealing with drug incompatibilities?
How should air be managed in the administration of medication from a pre-filled syringe?
How should air be managed in the administration of medication from a pre-filled syringe?
When combining two drugs, what is essential to ascertain?
When combining two drugs, what is essential to ascertain?
What is the primary reason for the importance of consulting a pharmacist regarding drug incompatibilities?
What is the primary reason for the importance of consulting a pharmacist regarding drug incompatibilities?
What does the abbreviation NPO mean in a medical context?
What does the abbreviation NPO mean in a medical context?
How often should a medication indicated by the abbreviation T.i.d. be administered?
How often should a medication indicated by the abbreviation T.i.d. be administered?
Which of the following options correctly identifies a solution with 5% dextrose?
Which of the following options correctly identifies a solution with 5% dextrose?
What does the abbreviation PRN signify in a prescription?
What does the abbreviation PRN signify in a prescription?
Which abbreviation corresponds to a solution containing 0.45% sodium chloride?
Which abbreviation corresponds to a solution containing 0.45% sodium chloride?
What does Stat mean in a medical directive?
What does Stat mean in a medical directive?
What is the abbreviation for Normal Saline Solution?
What is the abbreviation for Normal Saline Solution?
Which of the following is NOT an abbreviation for a solution with dextrose?
Which of the following is NOT an abbreviation for a solution with dextrose?
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Study Notes
Types of Solutions
- Syrups: High sugar concentration solutions designed to mask bitter tastes, often used in children's medications.
- Elixir: A mixture of alcohol and water used to dissolve substances that don't dissolve in water alone.
- Tincture: Primarily composed of alcohol with possible water inclusion, used for its higher alcohol content.
- Spirit: Alcoholic solutions containing volatile drugs, also referred to as essences. Must be stored securely due to volatility.
Topical Dosage Forms
- Ointments: Semi-solid preparations in petrolatum, greasy and water-resistant, effective for prolonged skin application.
- Creams: Semi-solid, usually white, and water-removable, ideal for moist skin areas.
- Pastes: Stiff, high-starch content formulations that provide protective qualities and absorb secretions from skin lesions.
- Lotions: Liquids with varying viscosities, effective for protection and cleansing of large surface areas.
- Gels/Jellies: Clear or translucent, semi-solid forms utilized for targeted application and occlusive properties.
- Powders: Can be shaken or blown onto affected areas, promote drying, and reduce friction.
- Oils: Non-water soluble liquids, sometimes found in capsules; utilized for their lubricant properties.
- Tape: Allows for uniform drug release directly onto the skin, suitable for localized treatments.
Pre-Filled Cartridges and Syringe
- Contain permanently attached needles, eliminating the need for aspiration.
- Designed to ensure air/bubble is positioned correctly to aid in proper administration.
Drug Interaction and Pharmacokinetics
- Altered Absorption: Interaction among drugs can inhibit the absorption of one drug by affecting its passage through biological membranes.
Routes of Drug Administration Abbreviations
- Common routes include:
- IM: Intramuscular
- IV: Intravenous
- SC: Subcutaneous
- PO: By mouth
Times of Administration Abbreviations
- AC: Before meals
- PC: After meals
- B.i.d.: Twice a day
- PRN: As needed
Intravenous Solution Abbreviations
- D5W: 5% Dextrose in Water
- NSS: Normal Saline Solution
- D5LRS: 5% Dextrose in Lactated Ringer's Solution
- D5IMB: Balance Multiple Maintenance Solution with 5% Dextrose in D5 Water with Light Potassium
Nursing Responsibilities
- Shake suspensions before administration as solids may settle.
- Ensure mixtures of drugs are reviewed with a pharmacist to confirm safety and stability before patient administration.
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