Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following is a disadvantage of pharmaceutical solutions?
Which of the following is a disadvantage of pharmaceutical solutions?
- They are more quickly effective than tablets and capsules
- They dilute the irritant action of some drugs
- They give a uniform dose than suspension because no need for shaking
- Unpleasant taste or odor are difficult to mask (correct)
In which of the following routes of administration are syrups, elixirs, and drops used?
In which of the following routes of administration are syrups, elixirs, and drops used?
- In mouth and throat
- On body surfaces
- In body cavities
- Orally (correct)
What problem of drugs in solution dosage forms can be initiated by heat, light, peroxides, or heavy metals?
What problem of drugs in solution dosage forms can be initiated by heat, light, peroxides, or heavy metals?
- Autoxidation (correct)
- Bulky to carry around
- Less stable than solid dosage forms
- Unpleasant taste or odor
Which of the following is an advantage of pharmaceutical solutions related to swallowing difficulty in children and some adults?
Which of the following is an advantage of pharmaceutical solutions related to swallowing difficulty in children and some adults?
Which of the following is a disadvantage of pharmaceutical solutions related to stability?
Which of the following is a disadvantage of pharmaceutical solutions related to stability?
What is one of the problems associated with pharmaceutical solutions being bulky to carry around?
What is one of the problems associated with pharmaceutical solutions being bulky to carry around?
What problem can arise due to hydrolysis in pharmaceutical solutions?
What problem can arise due to hydrolysis in pharmaceutical solutions?
What can be used to minimize the effect of trace metals in pharmaceutical solutions?
What can be used to minimize the effect of trace metals in pharmaceutical solutions?
Why should plastic containers not be used if a light-resistant container is specified?
Why should plastic containers not be used if a light-resistant container is specified?
What can be carriers of bacteria that ultimately contaminate pharmaceutical products?
What can be carriers of bacteria that ultimately contaminate pharmaceutical products?
Where do bacteria grow well in pharmaceutical equipment?
Where do bacteria grow well in pharmaceutical equipment?
What is the most important carrier of contaminants contributing to product contamination?
What is the most important carrier of contaminants contributing to product contamination?
Which type of preservative is effective in acid media due to its non-ionized form?
Which type of preservative is effective in acid media due to its non-ionized form?
What is the concentration range for benzoic acid as a preservative?
What is the concentration range for benzoic acid as a preservative?
Which esters are employed at concentrations up to 0.2% as preservatives?
Which esters are employed at concentrations up to 0.2% as preservatives?
What is propylene glycol used as in pharmaceutical preparations?
What is propylene glycol used as in pharmaceutical preparations?
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Study Notes
Disadvantages of Pharmaceutical Solutions
- Instability of drugs in solution dosage forms can be initiated by heat, light, peroxides, or heavy metals.
- Pharmaceutical solutions can be bulky to carry around, which can be a problem.
- Solutions can be susceptible to hydrolysis, which can lead to degradation.
Advantages of Pharmaceutical Solutions
- Pharmaceutical solutions can be an advantage for people with swallowing difficulties, such as children and some adults.
Routes of Administration
- Syrups, elixirs, and drops are used in the oral route of administration.
Stability Issues
- Pharmaceutical solutions can be prone to degradation due to stability issues, which is a disadvantage.
Minimizing Contamination
- Chelating agents can be used to minimize the effect of trace metals in pharmaceutical solutions.
- Plastic containers should not be used if a light-resistant container is specified, as they may allow light to penetrate and affect the solution.
- Water and other liquids can be carriers of bacteria that ultimately contaminate pharmaceutical products.
- Moist areas, such as pipes and valves, are where bacteria grow well in pharmaceutical equipment.
- People are the most important carrier of contaminants contributing to product contamination.
Preservatives
- Benzoic acid is a type of preservative that is effective in acid media due to its non-ionized form, and is used in a concentration range of 0.05-0.1%.
- Paraben esters are employed at concentrations up to 0.2% as preservatives.
- Propylene glycol is used as a solvent, humectant, and preservative in pharmaceutical preparations.
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