Questions and Answers
Which type of justice is considered the chief of virtues according to Aristotle?
Aristotle believes that a mechanical application of laws always leads to justice.
False
What are the two forms of justice distinguished by Aristotle?
Universal justice and particular justice
Distributive justice is based on a ________ proportion.
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Match the following types of justice with their descriptions:
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What does corrective justice aim to achieve?
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According to Aristotle, positive law is thought of in opposition to natural law.
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How does Aristotle describe laws that are adopted by the people of the city?
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According to Aristotle, what is essential for determining what is due to each person?
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In Aristotle's view, you can be unjust towards yourself.
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What is the main way in which law should be understood according to Aristotle?
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Aristotle's essential lesson is that law involves ____________ relationships.
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Match the following concepts with their descriptions:
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What does Aristotle imply is necessary for justice between citizens?
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The concept of proportionality is considered less important in modern legal systems according to Aristotle.
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What happens to children in Aristotle's view until they reach a certain age?
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What does corrective justice primarily aim to achieve?
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Corrective justice is concerned with both voluntary and non-consensual matters.
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What is the mathematical concept Aristotle relates to distributive justice?
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In terms of corrective justice, the judge's role is to restore __________ between the parties.
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Match the following concepts with their definitions:
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According to Aristotle, what is used as a measure to establish equivalence in value?
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Name one type of relationship that falls under corrective justice.
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Aristotle believes that a good man committing a wrong against a bad person violates corrective justice.
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Study Notes
Types of Justice
- Aristotle differentiates between two justice types: complete virtue (universal justice) and particular virtue.
- Universal justice is the respect for laws called "the chief of the virtues," directed towards benefiting others.
- Particular justice includes distributive justice, which ensures entitlement based on merit, and corrective justice, aimed at restoring original balance after an imbalance occurs.
Universal Justice
- Universal justice is considered the highest form of virtue as it is relational and focused on others.
- Laws are seen as just when they align with natural justice and reflect a collective moral understanding among citizens.
- Excessive mechanical application of laws can lead to injustice, necessitating the concept of equity or fairness.
Corrective and Distributive Justice
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Corrective justice aims to restore balance by addressing wrongs, regardless of the moral character of the individuals involved.
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It includes two categories:
- Voluntary transactions (e.g., contracts).
- Non-consensual matters (e.g., theft, assault).
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Distributive justice is based on proportional equality, requiring at least four terms for fairness in distributing resources or benefits.
Concept of Proportionality
- Distributive justice principles illustrate that if one is deemed twice as deserving, they must receive double the reward to maintain proportionality.
- Money functions as a universal measure for establishing equivalences among varied goods, facilitating a standard for distribution based on societal needs.
Role of Law and Relationships
- Justice transcends individual rights; it must consider social relationships and the context of interactions between citizens.
- Aristotle emphasizes the law’s role in organizing social interactions, urging modern laws to acknowledge this relational aspect, which has been often overlooked.
Money as a Measure
- Aristotle posits that money serves as a conventionally established substitute for need, enabling comparisons among various goods and services.
- The term "nomisma," associated with money, emphasizes its legal, rather than natural, basis.
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Description
Explore the intricate distinctions between universal and particular justice as defined by Aristotle. This quiz delves into the concepts of distributive and corrective justice, emphasizing their roles in achieving balance and fairness within society. Understand how laws reflect moral values and the importance of equity in justice systems.
