5.2 Turing Machines

What did Alan Turing formalize in the early development of theoretical computer science?

In which year was the paper 'On Computable Numbers, with an Application to the Entscheidungsproblem' submitted by Alan Turing?

What question introduced by David Hilbert was related to the 'Entscheidungsproblem'?

What concept did Gödel's incompleteness theorems demonstrate before Alan Turing's work?

What question concerned the existence of an algorithm to determine whether mathematical theorems are true or false?

Where did Alan Turing study and devote much time to studying computability?

What role does a natural number play in the context of a Turing machine?

What distinguishes a non-deterministic Turing machine from a deterministic one?

How is non-determinism relevant in complexity theory despite its rare practical relevance?

How do non-deterministic Turing machines handle multiple possible instructions for the same state and input symbols?

In the context of non-deterministic Turing machines, what role does guessing play in the computation?

How does non-determinism influence the behavior of concurrent processes accessing shared data?

What was the name of the advanced cryptographic machine used by the Germans during the Second World War?

Which computer, based on electronic tubes, was developed by Turing to support decryption efforts during the war?

What computer did Turing work on programming after the war which studied questions related to artificial intelligence?

What significant test did Turing develop to evaluate a machine's ability to exhibit intelligent behavior equivalent to a human?

What did Turing develop that is used to assess whether a machine can exhibit behavior indistinguishable from that of a human?

What led to Turing's conviction in 1952 and subsequent depression?

In which year did Turing die, most likely by suicide?

Which machine is described as consisting of a storage tape, individual cells, and a read/write head?

What is one of the elements of a program for a Turing machine as described in the text?

How is an instruction z, b z', b', v for a Turing machine interpreted?

What is the Turing machine initially reading in?

What is the tape content after the first computation step?

Which symbol denotes an empty cell in the tape?

What does the tape content 'bb' represent in terms of the Turing machine state?

Which part of the tape content represents what is behind the cell just read?

What is a Turing-computable function?

What is the purpose of a universal Turing machine?

'Gödelization' is a procedure used by Turing for what purpose?

What limitation was overcome by introducing Universal Turing Machines?

What happens when a Turing machine reaches the end state?