40 Questions
Which of the following is a characteristic of Acute Tubulointerstitial Nephritis?
Sparing of the glomeruli and vessels
Which of the following is a common finding in Urinalysis of Acute Tubulointerstitial Nephritis?
Sterile pyuria
What is the most common cause of Acute Tubulointerstitial Nephritis?
Drug-induced reaction
What is the hallmark of Chronic Tubulointerstitial Nephritis on Renal Biopsy?
Tubulointerstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy
Which of the following is a characteristic of Acute Pyelonephritis?
Purulent inflammation of the interstitium with destruction of the parenchyma
Which of the following is a characteristic of Chronic Pyelonephritis?
Affects cortex, glomeruli and vessels
What is the term for the kidney morphology seen in Chronic Pyelonephritis?
Rough, asymmetric scarring and fibrosis of the corticomedullary junction
Which of the following is a common laboratory finding in Acute Tubulointerstitial Nephritis?
Increased BUN and creatinine
What is the typical duration of decline in renal function in Chronic Tubulointerstitial Nephritis?
Months to years
Which of the following is a common finding in Urinalysis of Acute Pyelonephritis?
WBC casts
In Acute Tubulointerstitial Nephritis, what is the primary cell type involved in the peritubular inflammatory cell infiltrates?
T-cell lymphocytes
What is the characteristic of the casts found in the Urinalysis of Acute Tubulointerstitial Nephritis?
WBC casts, RBC casts, waxy casts, granular casts and tubular epithelial casts
What is the typical anion gap in Chronic Tubulointerstitial Nephritis?
Normal
What is the primary site of involvement in Acute Pyelonephritis?
Cortex
What is the characteristic histological feature of Chronic Pyelonephritis?
Eosinophilic casts in the tubules
What is the primary laboratory finding in Acute Tubulointerstitial Nephritis?
Increased BUN and creatinine
What is the characteristic of the inflammation in Acute Pyelonephritis?
Purulent inflammation
What is the primary finding in the Renal Biopsy of Chronic Tubulointerstitial Nephritis?
Tubulointerstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy
What is the characteristic of the gross changes in Chronic Pyelonephritis?
Rough, asymmetric scarring and fibrosis
What is the primary histological feature of Acute Tubulointerstitial Nephritis?
Diffuse or patchy peritubular inflammatory cell infiltrates
What is the primary difference between Acute Tubulointerstitial Nephritis and Chronic Tubulointerstitial Nephritis in terms of the duration of decline in renal function?
Days to weeks vs months to years
Which of the following is a characteristic of both Acute Tubulointerstitial Nephritis and Acute Pyelonephritis?
Purulent inflammation of the interstitium
What is the primary mechanism of renal injury in Acute Pyelonephritis?
Purulent inflammation of the interstitium
Which of the following is a characteristic of Chronic Pyelonephritis on Renal Biopsy?
Eosinophilic casts in the tubules
What is the primary laboratory finding in Chronic Tubulointerstitial Nephritis?
All of the above
Which of the following is a characteristic of Acute Tubulointerstitial Nephritis on Urinalysis?
All of the above
What is the primary site of involvement in Chronic Pyelonephritis?
Cortex, glomeruli, and vessels
Which of the following is a characteristic of Chronic Tubulointerstitial Nephritis on Renal Biopsy?
Tubulointerstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy
What is the term for the kidney morphology seen in Chronic Pyelonephritis?
Rough, asymmetric scarring and fibrosis
Which of the following is a characteristic of Acute Pyelonephritis on Histology?
Neutrophilic infiltration of the renal tubules and interstitium
What is the primary difference between Acute Tubulointerstitial Nephritis and Acute Pyelonephritis in terms of the site of involvement?
Involvement of the interstitium
Which of the following is a characteristic of both Acute Tubulointerstitial Nephritis and Acute Pyelonephritis on Renal Biopsy?
Neutrophilic infiltration of the renal tubules and the interstitium
What is the primary mechanism of renal injury in Chronic Tubulointerstitial Nephritis?
Inflammation progressing to end-stage renal disease
Which of the following is a characteristic of Acute Tubulointerstitial Nephritis on Urinalysis?
WBC casts, RBC casts, and tubular epithelial casts
What is the typical duration of decline in renal function in Acute Tubulointerstitial Nephritis?
Days to weeks
Which of the following is a characteristic of Chronic Pyelonephritis on Gross Changes?
Rough, asymmetric scarring and fibrosis of the corticomedullary junction
What is the primary difference between Acute Tubulointerstitial Nephritis and Chronic Tubulointerstitial Nephritis in terms of the duration of decline in renal function?
Chronic Tubulointerstitial Nephritis has a decline in renal function over months to years
Which of the following is a characteristic of Acute Pyelonephritis on Histology?
Neutrophilic infiltration of the renal tubules and the interstitium
What is the primary laboratory finding in Chronic Tubulointerstitial Nephritis?
All of the above
Which of the following is a characteristic of Chronic Tubulointerstitial Nephritis on Renal Biopsy?
Tubulointerstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy
Study Notes
Acute Tubulointerstitial Nephritis
- Decline in renal function occurs over a period of days to weeks
- Third most common cause of AKI in hospitalized patients
- Increased BUN and creatinine, and eosinophils in CBC (more common in drug-induced ATIN)
- Urinalysis shows WBC casts, RBC casts, waxy casts, granular casts, and tubular epithelial casts, sterile pyuria, proteinuria, and hematuria
- Renal biopsy reveals diffuse or patchy peritubular inflammatory cell infiltrates, sparing of glomeruli and vessels, and interstitial edema
Chronic Tubulointerstitial Nephritis
- Decline in renal function progresses to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) after months or years
- Increased BUN and creatinine, and decreased or increased potassium in CBC
- Normal anion gap
- Urinalysis shows WBC casts, RBC casts, waxy casts, sterile pyuria, proteinuria, and hematuria
- Renal biopsy reveals tubulointerstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy
Acute Pyelonephritis
- Most commonly affects the cortex
- Spares glomeruli and blood vessels
- Characterized by purulent inflammation of the interstitium with destruction of the parenchyma, renal tubules, and, in some cases, the renal pelvis
- Histology shows neutrophilic infiltration of the renal tubules and interstitium, sparing glomeruli and intrarenal vessels
Chronic Pyelonephritis
- Affects cortex, glomeruli, and vessels
- Gross changes include rough, asymmetric scarring and fibrosis of the corticomedullary junction, and blunted calyces from recurrent urinary reflux
- Histology shows eosinophilic casts in the tubules that resemble thyroid tissue with colloid (thyroidisation of the kidney)
Acute Tubulointerstitial Nephritis
- Decline in renal function occurs over a period of days to weeks
- Third most common cause of AKI in hospitalized patients
- Increased BUN and creatinine, and eosinophils in CBC (more common in drug-induced ATIN)
- Urinalysis shows WBC casts, RBC casts, waxy casts, granular casts, and tubular epithelial casts, sterile pyuria, proteinuria, and hematuria
- Renal biopsy reveals diffuse or patchy peritubular inflammatory cell infiltrates, sparing of glomeruli and vessels, and interstitial edema
Chronic Tubulointerstitial Nephritis
- Decline in renal function progresses to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) after months or years
- Increased BUN and creatinine, and decreased or increased potassium in CBC
- Normal anion gap
- Urinalysis shows WBC casts, RBC casts, waxy casts, sterile pyuria, proteinuria, and hematuria
- Renal biopsy reveals tubulointerstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy
Acute Pyelonephritis
- Most commonly affects the cortex
- Spares glomeruli and blood vessels
- Characterized by purulent inflammation of the interstitium with destruction of the parenchyma, renal tubules, and, in some cases, the renal pelvis
- Histology shows neutrophilic infiltration of the renal tubules and interstitium, sparing glomeruli and intrarenal vessels
Chronic Pyelonephritis
- Affects cortex, glomeruli, and vessels
- Gross changes include rough, asymmetric scarring and fibrosis of the corticomedullary junction, and blunted calyces from recurrent urinary reflux
- Histology shows eosinophilic casts in the tubules that resemble thyroid tissue with colloid (thyroidisation of the kidney)
Acute Tubulointerstitial Nephritis
- Decline in renal function occurs over a period of days to weeks
- Third most common cause of AKI in hospitalized patients
- Increased BUN and creatinine, and eosinophils in CBC (more common in drug-induced ATIN)
- Urinalysis shows WBC casts, RBC casts, waxy casts, granular casts, and tubular epithelial casts, sterile pyuria, proteinuria, and hematuria
- Renal biopsy reveals diffuse or patchy peritubular inflammatory cell infiltrates, sparing of glomeruli and vessels, and interstitial edema
Chronic Tubulointerstitial Nephritis
- Decline in renal function progresses to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) after months or years
- Increased BUN and creatinine, and decreased or increased potassium in CBC
- Normal anion gap
- Urinalysis shows WBC casts, RBC casts, waxy casts, sterile pyuria, proteinuria, and hematuria
- Renal biopsy reveals tubulointerstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy
Acute Pyelonephritis
- Most commonly affects the cortex
- Spares glomeruli and blood vessels
- Characterized by purulent inflammation of the interstitium with destruction of the parenchyma, renal tubules, and, in some cases, the renal pelvis
- Histology shows neutrophilic infiltration of the renal tubules and interstitium, sparing glomeruli and intrarenal vessels
Chronic Pyelonephritis
- Affects cortex, glomeruli, and vessels
- Gross changes include rough, asymmetric scarring and fibrosis of the corticomedullary junction, and blunted calyces from recurrent urinary reflux
- Histology shows eosinophilic casts in the tubules that resemble thyroid tissue with colloid (thyroidisation of the kidney)
Acute Tubulointerstitial Nephritis
- Decline in renal function occurs over a period of days to weeks
- Third most common cause of AKI in hospitalized patients
- Increased BUN and creatinine, and eosinophils in CBC (more common in drug-induced ATIN)
- Urinalysis shows WBC casts, RBC casts, waxy casts, granular casts, and tubular epithelial casts, sterile pyuria, proteinuria, and hematuria
- Renal biopsy reveals diffuse or patchy peritubular inflammatory cell infiltrates, sparing of glomeruli and vessels, and interstitial edema
Chronic Tubulointerstitial Nephritis
- Decline in renal function progresses to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) after months or years
- Increased BUN and creatinine, and decreased or increased potassium in CBC
- Normal anion gap
- Urinalysis shows WBC casts, RBC casts, waxy casts, sterile pyuria, proteinuria, and hematuria
- Renal biopsy reveals tubulointerstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy
Acute Pyelonephritis
- Most commonly affects the cortex
- Spares glomeruli and blood vessels
- Characterized by purulent inflammation of the interstitium with destruction of the parenchyma, renal tubules, and, in some cases, the renal pelvis
- Histology shows neutrophilic infiltration of the renal tubules and interstitium, sparing glomeruli and intrarenal vessels
Chronic Pyelonephritis
- Affects cortex, glomeruli, and vessels
- Gross changes include rough, asymmetric scarring and fibrosis of the corticomedullary junction, and blunted calyces from recurrent urinary reflux
- Histology shows eosinophilic casts in the tubules that resemble thyroid tissue with colloid (thyroidisation of the kidney)
A quiz about acute tubulonephritis, its causes, diagnosis, and symptoms. Includes information on complete blood count, urinalysis, and renal biopsy.
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