Tuberculosis: Transmission, Symptoms, and Treatment

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of Mandibular advancement devices (MADs) in the treatment of sleep disorders?

  • To mechanically decrease the volume of the upper airway
  • To engage the tongue and hold it in a forward position
  • To increase the volume of the nasal airway
  • To engage the mandible and reposition it in an anterior or forward position (correct)

What percentage of people with Hepatitis B are unaware of their infection?

  • 75%
  • 40%
  • 50%
  • 65% (correct)

What is the most common route of transmission for Hepatitis A?

  • Sharing needles and syringes
  • Blood transfusion
  • Fecal/oral route (correct)
  • Direct contact with an infected person

What is the term for the surgical procedure that involves the removal of adenoids and tonsils in children?

<p>Tonsillectomy and Adenoidectomy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mode of transmission for tuberculosis?

<p>Airborne droplets (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common symptom of tuberculosis?

<p>Night sweats (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the global mortality rate attributed to chronic viral hepatitis?

<p>1 million deaths/year (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the Liver in relation to Hepatitis?

<p>Detoxifying function (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a contraindication for treating tuberculosis patients on an outpatient basis?

<p>Recently diagnosed, clinically active TB with positive sputum cultures (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common oral manifestation of tobacco use?

<p>Leukoplakia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of therapy is used to aid in smoking cessation?

<p>Nicotine replacement therapy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a group of disorders that affect breathing during sleep?

<p>Sleep-related breathing disorders (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is primary snoring also referred to as?

<p>Simple snoring (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of Upper Airway Resistance Syndrome (UARS)?

<p>Daytime sleepiness and increased ventilatory efforts (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) characterized by?

<p>Loud snoring, excessive daytime sleepiness, and episodes of complete cessation of breathing (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a complication of Primary Snoring?

<p>Risk factor for type 2 diabetes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a predictor of Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA)?

<p>Witnessed apneas and excessive daytime sleepiness (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the combination of obesity and chronic alveolar hypoventilation?

<p>Obesity-hypoventilation syndrome (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the ranking of Chronic Hepatitis in terms of causes of cirrhosis in the US?

<p>3rd-4th (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mode of transmission of Hepatitis C with lowest probability?

<p>Sexual (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the efficacy of early treatment with antiviral drugs in acute Hepatitis C cases?

<p>90% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following Hepatitis viruses has no available vaccine?

<p>Hepatitis C (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of Hepatitis B in Hepatitis D infection?

<p>Hepatitis D requires Hepatitis B for replication (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary route of transmission of Hepatitis E?

<p>Fecal-oral (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary aggressive factor that disrupts the balance between aggressive and defensive factors in the gastrointestinal mucosa?

<p>H. pylori (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the by-product of the urease produced by H. pylori that can damage the mucosa?

<p>Ammonia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the rash of purple spots on the skin caused by internal bleeding from small blood vessels?

<p>Purpura (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the fluid retention in the peritoneal cavity?

<p>Ascites (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the enlarged parotid gland?

<p>Bilateral painless sialadenosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the only known host of H. pylori?

<p>Humans (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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