Tuberculosis: Transmission, Symptoms, and Treatment
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of Mandibular advancement devices (MADs) in the treatment of sleep disorders?

  • To mechanically decrease the volume of the upper airway
  • To engage the tongue and hold it in a forward position
  • To increase the volume of the nasal airway
  • To engage the mandible and reposition it in an anterior or forward position (correct)

    • What percentage of people with Hepatitis B are unaware of their infection?

  • 75%
  • 40%
  • 50%
  • 65% (correct)

    • What is the most common route of transmission for Hepatitis A?

  • Sharing needles and syringes
  • Blood transfusion
  • Fecal/oral route (correct)
  • Direct contact with an infected person

    • What is the term for the surgical procedure that involves the removal of adenoids and tonsils in children?

    <p>Tonsillectomy and Adenoidectomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mode of transmission for tuberculosis?

    <p>Airborne droplets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common symptom of tuberculosis?

    <p>Night sweats</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the global mortality rate attributed to chronic viral hepatitis?

    <p>1 million deaths/year</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the Liver in relation to Hepatitis?

    <p>Detoxifying function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a contraindication for treating tuberculosis patients on an outpatient basis?

    <p>Recently diagnosed, clinically active TB with positive sputum cultures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common oral manifestation of tobacco use?

    <p>Leukoplakia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of therapy is used to aid in smoking cessation?

    <p>Nicotine replacement therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a group of disorders that affect breathing during sleep?

    <p>Sleep-related breathing disorders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is primary snoring also referred to as?

    <p>Simple snoring</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of Upper Airway Resistance Syndrome (UARS)?

    <p>Daytime sleepiness and increased ventilatory efforts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) characterized by?

    <p>Loud snoring, excessive daytime sleepiness, and episodes of complete cessation of breathing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a complication of Primary Snoring?

    <p>Risk factor for type 2 diabetes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a predictor of Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA)?

    <p>Witnessed apneas and excessive daytime sleepiness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the combination of obesity and chronic alveolar hypoventilation?

    <p>Obesity-hypoventilation syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ranking of Chronic Hepatitis in terms of causes of cirrhosis in the US?

    <p>3rd-4th</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mode of transmission of Hepatitis C with lowest probability?

    <p>Sexual</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the efficacy of early treatment with antiviral drugs in acute Hepatitis C cases?

    <p>90%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following Hepatitis viruses has no available vaccine?

    <p>Hepatitis C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of Hepatitis B in Hepatitis D infection?

    <p>Hepatitis D requires Hepatitis B for replication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary route of transmission of Hepatitis E?

    <p>Fecal-oral</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary aggressive factor that disrupts the balance between aggressive and defensive factors in the gastrointestinal mucosa?

    <p>H. pylori</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the by-product of the urease produced by H. pylori that can damage the mucosa?

    <p>Ammonia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the rash of purple spots on the skin caused by internal bleeding from small blood vessels?

    <p>Purpura</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the fluid retention in the peritoneal cavity?

    <p>Ascites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the enlarged parotid gland?

    <p>Bilateral painless sialadenosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the only known host of H. pylori?

    <p>Humans</p> Signup and view all the answers

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