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Questions and Answers
What is the primary way that TB is spread?
What is the primary way that TB is spread?
What is the typical duration of treatment for latent TB infection?
What is the typical duration of treatment for latent TB infection?
What is the name of the blood test used to diagnose TB?
What is the name of the blood test used to diagnose TB?
What is the term for TB that is resistant to at least two anti-TB drugs?
What is the term for TB that is resistant to at least two anti-TB drugs?
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What is the purpose of Directly Observed Therapy (DOT)?
What is the purpose of Directly Observed Therapy (DOT)?
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What is a common symptom of TB?
What is a common symptom of TB?
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What is the term for TB that is in a dormant state in the body?
What is the term for TB that is in a dormant state in the body?
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What is the name of the test that involves injecting a small amount of TB antigen under the skin?
What is the name of the test that involves injecting a small amount of TB antigen under the skin?
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What is the typical duration of treatment for active TB disease?
What is the typical duration of treatment for active TB disease?
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What is the name of the type of TB that is resistant to at least four anti-TB drugs?
What is the name of the type of TB that is resistant to at least four anti-TB drugs?
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Study Notes
Definition and Causes
- TB (Tuberculosis) is a bacterial infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis
- Primarily affects the lungs, but can also affect other parts of the body
Transmission
- Spread through the air when an infected person talks, coughs, or sneezes
- Can also be spread through infected milk or improperly pasteurized dairy products
- Not spread through casual contact, touching, or sharing food and drinks
Symptoms
- Coughing for three or more weeks
- Chest pain or coughing up blood
- Fatigue, weight loss, and loss of appetite
- Chills, fever, and night sweats
- Coughing up mucus or phlegm
Types of TB
- Latent TB infection: The bacteria remain dormant in the body, but the person is not infectious
- Active TB disease: The bacteria are multiplying and the person is infectious
- Drug-resistant TB: The bacteria are resistant to one or more anti-TB drugs
- Multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB): Resistant to at least isoniazid and rifampicin
- Extensively drug-resistant TB (XDR-TB): Resistant to isoniazid, rifampicin, fluoroquinolones, and at least one injectable second-line drug
Diagnosis
- Tuberculin skin test (Mantoux test): A small amount of TB antigen is injected under the skin to test for a reaction
- Interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA): A blood test that measures the immune system's response to TB bacteria
- Chest X-rays and CT scans: Used to examine the lungs for signs of TB
- Sputum smear microscopy: Examines a sample of mucus from the lungs for TB bacteria
Treatment
- Antibiotics: Isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol are commonly used
- Directly Observed Therapy (DOT): A healthcare worker observes the patient taking their medication
- Treatment duration: Typically 6-9 months for latent TB infection and 12-24 months for active TB disease
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Description
This quiz covers the definition, causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment of tuberculosis (TB), a bacterial infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Learn about the different types of TB, transmission, and diagnostic tests.
