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Questions and Answers
What is a defining characteristic of trematodes in terms of their body structure?
What is a defining characteristic of trematodes in terms of their body structure?
What type of organs do trematodes use for attachment?
What type of organs do trematodes use for attachment?
Which of the following statements about trematode eggs is accurate?
Which of the following statements about trematode eggs is accurate?
What is the primary role of the muscular pharynx in trematodes?
What is the primary role of the muscular pharynx in trematodes?
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Which feature distinguishes schistosomes from other trematodes?
Which feature distinguishes schistosomes from other trematodes?
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What is the significance of the tegument in trematodes?
What is the significance of the tegument in trematodes?
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Which aspect of trematodes is true regarding their reproductive strategy?
Which aspect of trematodes is true regarding their reproductive strategy?
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In which host does the adult stage of trematodes typically develop?
In which host does the adult stage of trematodes typically develop?
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Study Notes
Trematoda
- Flukes
- Tough outer layer, called a tegument, protects against digestive enzymes and allows for gas exchange
- Unsegmented body
- Flattened, leaf-shaped body, except for schistosomes which are cylindrical
- Organs of attachment: Oral sucker around the mouth, Ventral sucker on the underside of the body
Anatomy
- No respiratory organs
- Mouth connects to a muscular pharynx, then a short esophagus (except in schistosomes, which lack a pharynx)
- No anus, waste is egested through the mouth
- Eggs are operculated (have a lid), except for schistosomes
- Excretory system present in some species, consists of proton ephridia
- Nervous system consists of a pair of ganglia in the head region connected to nerve cords
- No specialized sense organs
- Most are hermaphrodites (both male and female reproductive organs present in one worm)
Life Cycle
- Adult stage lives in the definitive host
- Intermediate hosts are required for asexual reproduction
- Intermediate hosts undergo the following stages: miracidium - sporocyst - daughter sporocyst - redia - cercariae
- Eggs require water and snails to complete their life cycle
Fasciola
- Fasciola gigantica is one species
- Fasciola hepatica is another species
- Egg:
- 150 x 90 µm
- Ovoid shape
- Thin, operculated shell
- Yellowish-brown color due to bile staining
- Contains immature embryonic cells
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Description
Explore the fascinating world of Trematoda, commonly known as flukes. This quiz delves into their unique anatomical features, reproductive strategies, and life cycles. Test your knowledge on their morphology, physiology, and ecological roles.
