Trematoda (Flukes) Class Quiz
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Questions and Answers

How many hosts are typically in the class Trematoda (flukes)?

2

What subclass of Trematoda is clinically important to humans?

Digenea

What is a tegument and how does it relate to immune evasion by trematodes?

Tegument is the parasite covering.

Differentiate monostomes, amphistomes, and distomes.

<p>Monostome has one oral sucker, amphistome has an oral sucker and acetabulum at the posterior end, and distome has oral sucker and acetabulum not located on the posterior end.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the species of trematodes?

<p>F. hepatica, F. buski, C. sinensis, O. viverrini, Schistosoma family</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the reservoir for F. hepatica?

<p>Sheep and cattle</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which trematoda can be easily identified by its leaf-shaped appearance and the presence of 'shoulders'?

<p>F. hepatica</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is F. hepatica endemic to?

<p>Europe, North Africa, Cuba, South America</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which trematode will cause an economic problem, reducing milk and meat production in domestic sheep and cattle?

<p>F. hepatica</p> Signup and view all the answers

Pathology of F. hepatica causes Fascioliasis, resulting in what symptoms?

<p>Liver necrosis, atrophy of the liver, liver cirrhosis, and anemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can you diagnose F. hepatica?

<p>Eggs in stool have operculum, ELISA to detect anti-F. hepatica in serum, milk and feces</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which trematode's lifecycle is similar to F. hepatica?

<p>F. buski</p> Signup and view all the answers

What species is the giant intestinal fluke?

<p>F. buski</p> Signup and view all the answers

F. hepatica and F. buski are both leaf-shaped. Which one has shoulders?

<p>F. hepatica</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is F. buski endemic to?

<p>Southeast Asia: India and China</p> Signup and view all the answers

F. hepatica and F. buski commonly have metacercariae attached to what type of plant?

<p>Water plants, such as water chestnuts and bamboo</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which species is the Chinese liver fluke?

<p>C. sinensis</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the reservoir for C. sinensis?

<p>Freshwater fish</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is C. sinensis endemic to?

<p>East and Southeast Asia (Japan, China, Korea, Vietnam)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where do C. sinensis adults mature?

<p>Bile ducts</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can you identify an ova from C. sinensis?

<p>Operculum on one side, knob on the other</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which stage of C. sinensis can survive pickling or salting?

<p>Metacercariae</p> Signup and view all the answers

A high worm burden of what trematode can cause cholecystitis and/or cholelithiasis?

<p>C. sinensis</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can you diagnose C. sinensis?

<p>Eggs in stool</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which trematode is the Southeast Asian liver fluke?

<p>O. viverrini</p> Signup and view all the answers

Chronic inflammation caused by what trematode is highly correlated with bile duct cancer?

<p>O. viverrini</p> Signup and view all the answers

What family of trematodes are known as 'blood flukes'?

<p>Schistosoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is unique about the schistosome lifecycle?

<p>They have no second intermediate host</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where in the definitive host do the schistosome species live?

<p>Vascular blood supply</p> Signup and view all the answers

What anatomical feature gives schistosomes their significant sexual dimorphism?

<p>Gynecophoral canal in males</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Schistosoma species' miracidia develop into mother sporocysts, which give rise to multiple generations of daughter sporocysts.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

What 3 species of schistosomes are medically relevant?

<p>S. haematobium, S. mansoni, S. japonicum</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Class Trematoda (Flukes) Overview

  • Flukes typically require two hosts: mollusks (snails) and humans.
  • The subclass Digenea, featuring two suckers (ventral and oral), is critical for human health.

Digenean Lifecycle

  • A complex lifecycle often involving a snail and a vertebrate host.

Tegument and Immune Evasion

  • Tegument is a protective covering of the parasitic fluke.
  • Rapid and continuous turnover of the tegument aids in evasion from the host immune system.
  • Contains receptors that bind to host proteins, enhancing its survival.

Morphology of Flukes

  • Monostomes have one oral sucker.
  • Amphistomes have both an oral sucker and a posterior acetabulum.
  • Distomes have an oral sucker and acetabulum not at the posterior end.

Key Trematode Species

  • F. hepatica (liver fluke)
  • F. buski (giant intestinal fluke)
  • C. sinensis (Chinese liver fluke)
  • O. viverrini
  • Schistosoma family.

F. hepatica Overview

  • Reservoirs include sheep and cattle.
  • Identified by its characteristic leaf shape and shoulders.
  • Lifecycle involves a complex of definitive and intermediate hosts.

Geographic Distribution

  • F. hepatica is endemic in Europe, North Africa, Cuba, and South America.
  • F. buski is prevalent in Southeast Asia, particularly India and China.
  • C. sinensis is found in East and Southeast Asia, including Japan, China, Korea, and Vietnam.

Pathology and Economic Impact

  • F. hepatica causes Fascioliasis, leading to severe liver conditions (necrosis, cirrhosis, anemia).
  • Economic issues arise from reduced milk and meat production in affected livestock.

Diagnosis of F. hepatica

  • Detection through eggs in stool featuring an operculum.
  • ELISA can identify anti-F. hepatica antibodies in serum, milk, and feces.

C. sinensis Features

  • Freshwater fish serve as reservoirs.
  • Adults mature in the bile ducts; eggs identified by an operculum on one side and a knob on the other.
  • Metacercariae can endure pickling and salting.

Complications from C. sinensis

  • High worm burden may lead to cholecystitis and cholelithiasis, including risks of gallbladder perforation.

O. viverrini

  • Associated with chronic inflammation linked to bile duct cancer.

Schistosoma (Blood Flukes)

  • Schistosoma species live in the vascular blood supply of definitive hosts.
  • Unique lifecycle without a second intermediate host.
  • Exhibit significant sexual dimorphism due to the gynecophoral canal in males.

Medically Relevant Schistosome Species

  • S. haematobium
  • S. mansoni
  • S. japonicum

Lifecycle Development

  • Miracidia develop into mother sporocysts, creating various daughter sporocysts through multiple generations.

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Description

Test your knowledge on Trematoda, the class of flukes, with this flashcard quiz. Learn about their typical life cycles, important subclasses, and how they evade immune responses. Perfect for students and enthusiasts of parasitology.

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