Trading Networks and Empires Quiz

Trading Post Empire = Control of key ports and trade routes Fur Trade = Exchange of animal furs Caravel = Fast and maneuverable ship Cartaz = Naval trade license by the Portuguese

British East India Company = 1600, India Dutch East India Company (VOC) = 1602, Asia Piece of Eight = Spanish silver coin Monopoly = Exclusive control over trade

Signares = African women in trade partnerships Daimyo = Feudal lords in Japan Galleon = Transoceanic sailing ship Soft Gold = Highly valued furs in trade

<p>Silver Drain = Flow of silver to Asia Carrying Trade = Transporting goods without production Fluyt = Ship design for efficient cargo transport Monopoly = Single entity's control over a commodity</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dutch East India Company (VOC) = Dominated spice trade Piece of Eight = Global trade currency Fur Trade = Key to European wealth in the Americas Cartaz = Control of Indian Ocean commerce</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fluyt = Low-cost cargo ship Caravel = Exploration vessel Galleon = Spanish trading ship Trading Post Empire = Network of port control</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Signares = Merging African and European cultures Daimyo = Decentralization of power in Japan Fur Trade = Interaction with Indigenous peoples Silver Drain = China's economic power</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Carrying Trade = Merchants transport goods without production Fur Trade = Trade of beaver pelts in North America Monopoly = Exclusive control over a market Cartaz = Trade license for Portuguese merchants</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Trading Post Empire = Portuguese in Africa and Asia Daimyo = Feudal Japan Fur Trade = North America and Siberia British East India Company = Colonial India</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Government Regulation = Policies by states to control trade and protect their economic interests Transatlantic Slave System = The spread of African peoples and cultures across the Atlantic due to the slave trade Middle Passage = The brutal journey of enslaved Africans across the Atlantic Ocean Maroon Societies/Palmares = Communities of escaped enslaved Africans in the Americas</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mercantilism = Tariffs and navigation acts African Diaspora = Creation of new cultural forms like music and religion Mestizos = Mixed-race individuals born of European and Indigenous parents Subsistence Agriculture = Farming focused on producing enough food for the farmer's family</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Middle Passage = Marked by high mortality rates and inhumane conditions Transatlantic Slave System = Fueled the plantation economy in the New World Government Regulation = Influenced economic policies and practices in colonial trade Maroon Societies/Palmares = Represented resistance against slavery in the Americas</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Subsistence Agriculture = Economic self-sufficiency among Indigenous communities Mestizos = Social hierarchy in colonial societies African Diaspora = Cultural exchange and fusion Government Regulation = State control over trade practices</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transatlantic Slave System = Involves forced transportation of millions of Africans Middle Passage = Describes the inhumane journey across the Atlantic Maroon Societies/Palmares = Established by escaped enslaved Africans Mestizos = Signifies cultural blending in the Americas</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Government Regulation = Impact on trade routes and economic interests African Diaspora = Long-lasting effects on global cultures Subsistence Agriculture = Foundation for survival of enslaved and Indigenous groups Middle Passage = A key component of the triangular trade system</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mestizos = Individuals of mixed European and Indigenous ancestry Maroon Societies/Palmares = Communities formed by runaway slaves Transatlantic Slave System = Economic model based on slave labor African Diaspora = Dispersal of African cultural influences across the Atlantic</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Subsistence Agriculture = Limited surplus for trade Government Regulation = Implementation of tariffs and mercantile policies Middle Passage = Journey characterized by extreme brutality Mestizos = Social class emerging from colonial intermarriage</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>African Diaspora = Influence on cuisine and religious practices Transatlantic Slave System = A contribution to the growth of plantation economies Middle Passage = Experience shared by millions of enslaved Africans Maroon Societies/Palmares = Resistance to colonial slavery practices</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Prince Henry the Navigator = Portuguese royal patron of exploration Vasco da Gama = First European to reach India by sea Ferdinand Magellan = Led the first expedition to circumnavigate the globe Prester John = Mythical Christian king</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Prince Henry the Navigator = Established a navigation school Vasco da Gama = Established direct maritime trade between Europe and Asia Ferdinand Magellan = Confirmed the earth's roundness Philip II of Spain = Controlled vast territories during Spanish Empire's height</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>King George III = 1760–1820 Ferdinand Magellan = 1480–1521 Philip IV of Spain = 1605–1665 Charles V = 1500–1558</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vasco da Gama = Indian Ocean Ferdinand Magellan = Circumnavigation of the globe Prince Henry the Navigator = West African coast Charles I/ Charles V = Europe, Americas, and Asia</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Prince Henry the Navigator = Opened new trade routes Vasco da Gama = Initiated Portuguese dominance in Indian trade Ferdinand Magellan = Expanded European geographical knowledge Philip II of Spain = Oversaw the Spanish Armada's invasion of England</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Prester John = Inspired exploration during the Age of Discovery King George III = Influenced colonial policies leading to American Revolution Philip II of Spain = Championed Catholicism during Counter-Reformation Charles V = Struggled for religious unity during Protestant Reformation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ferdinand Magellan = Died in the Philippines during his voyage King George III = Expansion of British trade networks Philip IV of Spain = Ruled during the decline of Spanish power Charles I = Abdicated and divided his empire</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vasco da Gama = Rounding the Cape of Good Hope Ferdinand Magellan = Circumnavigation completion by Elcano Philip II of Spain = Failed Spanish Armada Prince Henry the Navigator = Sponsoring maritime education</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Prince Henry the Navigator = Advancement of shipbuilding and cartography Vasco da Gama = First to connect Europe and Asia by sea Ferdinand Magellan = Exploration and validation of global geography Charles V = Oversaw one of the largest empires in history</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gold = Acquisition of wealth through resources Glory = Expanding national power and achieving personal fame Spice Trade = Accessing Asian spices like cinnamon and nutmeg Avoiding Middlemen = Reducing control by Muslim and Venetian traders</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Caravel = Agile ship design for long voyages Compass = Tool for navigating by magnetism Astrolabe = Instrument for measuring the altitude of stars Navigational Charts = Maps aiding in the exploration of new trade routes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mediterranean Routes = Dominated by Venetian and Muslim traders Atlantic Trade Routes = Involving Spain and Portugal Silk Road = Connecting Asia with Europe Indian Ocean Trade Routes = Facilitating the spice trade between East and West</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Technological Advancements = Enhanced maritime navigation and exploration capabilities New Trade Routes = Increased access to wealth and resources Motivations for Exploration = Driving nations to expand their empires Shift in Dominance = Decline of Mediterranean trade hegemony</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cinnamon = Highly valued for flavoring and medicinal uses Nutmeg = Sought after for its exotic appeal and preserving properties Cloves = Imported for their strong flavor and preservation benefits Pepper = Fundamental in spice trade and culinary applications</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Goa = India Malacca = Malaysia Macao = China Batavia = Indonesia</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Economic instability = Massive imports of American silver Military overreach = Increased European competition Nationalistic growth = Replacement of feudalism Trade control = Mercantilism policy</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Europe = Manufactured goods Africa = Slaves Americas = Raw materials Asia = Spices</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transatlantic Slave Trade = Cultural devastation in Africa Dutch East India Company = Controlled spice production Colonization of the Philippines = Conversion to Christianity Spanish silver trade = Wealth accumulation in Spain</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dutch East India Company = Monopoly on spice production Spanish Crown = Sponsorship of exploration Portuguese Empire = Overextension of resources African Kingdoms = Resistance to slaving practices</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Resistance from local powers = Indian Ocean Overextended resources = Portuguese Trading Posts Inflation = Spanish Dominance Military competition = European expansion</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transatlantic Slave Trade = Development of plantation economies Triangle Trade = Cultural devastation in Africa Dutch East India Company = Violent suppression of locals Spanish trade policies = Wealth imbalance in Europe</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mercantilism = State control of trade for power Economic centralization = Transition from feudalism Trade monopolies = Control over specific goods National monarchies = Strong centralized governments</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Encomienda System = Forced labor from indigenous populations Putting-Out System = Decentralized textile production Closed Country Edict = Restriction of foreign trade in Japan Manila Galleons = Facilitated trade between Americas and Asia</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Potosí = Source of silver exports to China Mughal India = Leader in cotton textile production Philippines = Exploitation under Spanish system Nagasaki = Limited foreign trade during Sakoku policy</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sakoku Policy = Japan's trade restriction British East India Company = Dominance in Indian textile trade Closed Country Edict = Japan's maritime isolation Spanish Encomienda = Labor tribute from indigenous Filipinos</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Spanish Crown = Overseer of the Encomienda system British Merchants = Early importers of Indian textiles Dutch Traders = Limited trade contact in Nagasaki Chinese Traders = Significant players in Potosí silver trade</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Silver Exports = Stimulated Chinese economy Cotton Textiles = Enhanced India's global trade position Rural Manufacturing = Shift from guild control Trans-Pacific Trade = Integration of Americas and Asia economy</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ferdinand Magellan = First to circumnavigate the globe Akbar = Promoted religious tolerance in India Adam Smith = Laid the foundations of classical economics Christopher Columbus = Discovered the Americas for Spain</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ferdinand Magellan = Spanish Empire Akbar = Mughal Empire Adam Smith = British Isles Napoleon Bonaparte = French Empire</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ferdinand Magellan = Maritime exploration Akbar = Agricultural innovation Adam Smith = Free market theory Karl Marx = Socialism</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ferdinand Magellan = Led to the first global trade routes Akbar = Strengthened trade and culture in India Adam Smith = Challenged mercantilism Louis XIV = Centralized power in France</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ferdinand Magellan = Facilitated Spanish colonization of the Philippines Akbar = Fostered India's cotton economy Adam Smith = Critic of mercantilism Cecil Rhodes = Expansion of the British Empire in Africa</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Manila Galleons Established (1565) = Connecting the Americas with Asia Decline of the Portuguese Empire = Result of overextension and European competition Rise of Dutch East India Company (1602) = Achieved dominance in Southeast Asia Establishment of British East India Company = Became influential in Indian trade</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Manila Galleons Established (1565) = Increased trade between East and West Decline of the Portuguese Empire = Loss of territories to rival powers Rise of Dutch East India Company (1602) = Control over spice trade routes Formation of the British Empire = Expansion into global markets</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Late 16th Century = Decline of the Portuguese Empire Early 17th Century = Rise of Dutch East India Company (1602) 1565 = Establishment of Manila Galleons 15th Century = Age of Exploration begins</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Manila Galleons Established (1565) = Integration of Asian and American economies Decline of the Portuguese Empire = Emergence of other European powers in trade Rise of Dutch East India Company (1602) = Monopoly over valuable spice markets Establishment of trade routes = Facilitation of cultural exchanges and goods</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Commercial Capitalism = Trade, banking, and investment activities Market-Based Production = Expansion of industries for profit Commercialization = Growth of trade networks and currency use Feudal Economy = Barter-based economic system</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rise of Merchant Class = Challenges to traditional social hierarchies Shift to Cash Crops = Increased reliance on forced labor Growth of Wage Laborers = Decline of feudalism Increased Specialization = Emergence of distinct job roles</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Export-Driven Economies = Global integration of markets Plantation Agriculture = Dependence on enslaved labor Cash Crops = Focus on profitable agricultural products Indentured Labor = Temporary workforce for landowners</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Serfdom = Peasants tied to the land Wage Labor = Workers selling their labor for wages Commercialization = Transition from barter to currency Market-Based Economy = System driven by supply and demand</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Early Modern Era = Transition from feudal to market economy Agricultural Revolution = Shift to cash crops and forced labor Industrialization = Expansion of industries producing goods for profit Global Trade Networks = Increased interaction among diverse economies</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Enslaved Labor = Forced and permanent workforce Indentured Labor = Temporary labor for passage Wage Labor = Voluntary selling of labor for compensation Serfdom = Bound agricultural worker under a lord</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Facilitation of Global Trade = Connected diverse economies Wealth Accumulation = Influence on social structures Challenges to Hierarchies = Shift in power dynamics Cultural Exchange = Integration of different societies and goods</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>British = Settler colonies in North America Dutch = Commercial outposts in Indonesia Portuguese = Coastal trade posts in East Africa Spanish = Land-based empire in the Americas</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dutch VOC = Decimated Indonesian communities British EIC = Focused on textiles in India Dahomey = Engaged heavily in the slave trade Benin = Maintained a more autonomous structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>China = Ming and Qing Dynasties controlled trade India = Mughal Empire kept Europeans at bay Japan = Tokugawa Shogunate enacted isolationist policies Indonesia = Affected by VOC's military operations</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transatlantic chattel slavery = Shifted from local to large-scale slavery Local slavery = Prevalent before transatlantic slave trade Slave trade in Dahomey = Integrated into state power Benin's stance = Resisted participation in slave trade</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dutch East India Company (VOC) = Southeast Asia British East India Company (EIC) = Primarily India Portuguese Empire = East Africa and India Spanish Empire = The Americas</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dutch control = Destroyed indigenous economies in Indonesia British expansion = Gradually expanded political power in India Portuguese maritime dominance = Established coastal trade networks Spanish reliance on conquest = Used forced labor systems in the Americas</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Military force by VOC = Monopolized the spice trade Mughal Empire's wealth = Kept European powers at bay Chinese controlled trade = Limited European influence Tokugawa Shogunate's policies = Enacted isolationism</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Indonesia = Severe suffering and economic destruction India = Political alliances and taxation by British West Africa = Worst-affected areas of slavery Banda Islands = Harsh taxation and labor under VOC</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>VOC in Indonesia = Alliances and military conquest to exploit local resources Spanish colonization of the Philippines = Conversion to Christianity and implementation of Encomienda system France in Siam = Established diplomatic relations and sent missionaries Tokugawa Japan's Closed Country Edict = Restricted foreign trade and limited access primarily to the Dutch and Chinese</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Silver Mines in Potosí = Major source funding European expansion and causing environmental degradation Mughal India's cotton trade = Fueled British demand and led to trade imbalances Trans-Pacific Commerce = Integrated the Pacific into global trade networks Putting Out System in Europe = Foundation for the later factory system during the Industrial Revolution</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Encomienda System in the Philippines = Exploitation of Indigenous labor and long-term social disruption Development of Cotton trade in Mughal India = Precursor to industrialization in Britain Spanish Manila Galleon trade = Transported silver in exchange for goods, influencing economies Closed Country Edict of Japan = Maintained autonomy but limited technological exchange</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>VOC's control in Indonesia = Economic enrichment of the Netherlands and impoverishment of Indonesia Spanish colonization of the Philippines = Key link in the Manila Galleon trade France's efforts in Siam = Limited European imperialism in Southeast Asia Deployment of Putting Out System = Shift from rural production to industrial factory systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>VOC = Exploiting resources in Indonesia Spanish missionaries = Converting Indigenous populations in the Philippines British textile merchants = Influencing cotton trade in Mughal India Encomenderos = Exploiting local labor under the Encomienda system</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Military conquest by VOC = Control over Indonesian territories Spanish Encomienda system = Leads to resistance and social disruption French diplomacy in Siam = Established but faced local resistance Japan's Closed Country Edict = Curtailed foreign influence effectively</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Trans-Pacific trade = Silver from the Americas for silk and porcelain Cotton production in Mughal India = Highly sought after in European markets Putting Out System = Produced textiles for European merchants Spanish Galleon trade = Connected Asia and the Americas economically</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Portuguese Trade Routes = Shifted global trade networks toward the Atlantic Spanish Inflation = Economic power shifted to the Netherlands Growth of National Monarchies = Rise of powerful nation-states Transatlantic Slave System = Demographic shifts in Africa and economic success of European colonies</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vasco da Gama = Reached India by sea in 1498 Christopher Columbus = Sailed westward to the Americas Dutch East India Company = Monopolized the spice trade in Southeast Asia Ferdinand and Isabella = Centralized power in Spain</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>New Trade Routes = Bypassing Muslim and Venetian control Overextension of Portuguese Empire = Control of distant trading posts Spanish Silver Influx = Wealth from Potosí and Zacatecas Transatlantic Slave Trade = Labor shortages in the Americas</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Price Revolution = Rampant inflation in Spain due to silver influx VOC = Dutch East India Company that dominated spice trade Factories = Trading posts established by the Portuguese Decline of Spanish Dominance = Shift of economic power to competing nations</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>France under Louis XIV = Centralized power with a standing army England under the Tudor dynasty = Reduced influence of feudal lords Spain under Ferdinand and Isabella = Created a bureaucratic system Portugal's Colonial Strategy = Established distant trading posts</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dutch EIC = Monopoly over the spice trade Transatlantic Slave System = Economic success for European colonies Portuguese Trading Post Empire = Overextension and resource strain Spanish Inflation = Economic instability due to overreliance on silver</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Goa = Key Portuguese trading post in Asia Malacca = Strategic control point for trade routes Potosí = Major source of silver for Spain Indonesia = Home to lucrative spice trade monopolized by the Dutch</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Growth of National Monarchies = Decline of decentralized medieval structures Overextension of the Portuguese Empire = Loss of influence in global trade Spanish Economic Instability = Shift in economic power dynamics African Demographic Changes = Impact from the Atlantic slave trade</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chinese Silk = Luxury good in high demand globally Indian Cotton = Impact on local industries in Britain Yasak = Exploitation of Indigenous populations Putting Out System = Set the stage for factory production</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sakoku = Limited technological exchange Mourning Wars = Contributed to cultural losses among tribes Siam (France) = Failed due to local opposition Dutch Learning = Helped Japan modernize rapidly</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Silk = Strengthened China's economic position Cotton = Facilitated Britain's Industrial Revolution Furs (Yasak) = Key export for Russia's expansion Spices = Dominated by European merchants</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sakoku = Japan's policy of isolationism Mourning Wars = Raids for community replacements Yasak = Tribute system in Siberia Dutch Learning = Integration of Western knowledge in Japan</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Spice Trade = Domination by Arab and Indian merchants Cotton Export = Impacting local textile industries Silk Production = Catering to global markets Putting Out System = Involvement of rural households</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Southeast Asia = Spices China = Silk India = Cotton Siberia = Furs</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Spices = Economic enrichment for European powers Cotton = Demand surge leading to mechanization Silk = High global demand from luxury markets Yasak = Russian exploitation of Indigenous peoples</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Jesuits in Siam = Trade and religious conversions Native tribes = Consequences of Mourning Wars Tokugawa Shogunate = Policy of Closed Country Dutch merchants = Limited Western engagement during isolation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Philippines = Crucial link in trans-Pacific trade Potosí = Major silver production site Mombasa = Control of East African trade routes Macao = Key point for Sino-European trade</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Manila's establishment = Enhanced Spain's economic power Spice Islands control by the Dutch = Monopolization of the spice trade Indian Ocean Commercial Network = Disruption of local trade systems Potosí silver production = Enabled European dominance in global trade</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Goa = Portuguese Mombasa = Portuguese Macau = Portuguese Philippines = Spanish</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Philippines = Silk from China Potosí = Silver Indonesia = Spices Indian Ocean = Textiles and precious metals</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Philippines = Heavy taxation and labor demands Potosí = Mercury poisoning and environmental damage Mombasa = Resistance from local populations Spice Islands = Control by the Dutch East India Company</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Philippines = Established as a Spanish colony in 1565 Potosí = Silver discovered in 1545 Mombasa = Captured in 1505 by the Portuguese Goa = Founded as a Portuguese colony in 1510</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Potosí = Supplied silver for global trade Philippines = Linked Asia and the Americas Indonesia = Monopoly on spices Macao = Facilitated trade between Asia and Europe</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>British East India Company (BEIC) = Southeast Asia Dutch East India Company (VOC) = India</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>British East India Company (BEIC) = Focused solely on trade Dutch East India Company (VOC) = Controlled vast territories</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>British East India Company (BEIC) = Failed due to foreign competition Dutch East India Company (VOC) = Sustained operational success until 1858</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>British East India Company (BEIC) = Engaged in battles for resources Dutch East India Company (VOC) = Relied solely on local alliances</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>British East India Company (BEIC) = Resulted in minimal financial returns Dutch East India Company (VOC) = Established trade in textiles</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>British East India Company (BEIC) = Mainly involved in agricultural products Dutch East India Company (VOC) = Primarily traded in textiles and silver</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>British East India Company (BEIC) = Had no impact on global trade Dutch East India Company (VOC) = Established shifts in European economic power</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>British = Commercial dominance through private companies Portuguese = Territorial conquest and missionary work Dutch = Fortified trading posts and military enforcement Spanish = Extensive colonial empire and Christianization</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>China = Restricted access to trade ports Japan = Sakoku policy limiting foreign access India = Mughal Empire restricting European control Ottoman Empire = Control of strategic trade routes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Profits from VOC = Funding of Dutch Golden Age Military power usage = Enforcement of monopolies on spices Forced labor systems = Exploitation of local populations Control of trade routes = Economic leverage over competitors</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Middle Passage = Transport of millions of Africans Plantation economies = Integral to sugar and tobacco industries Benin and Dahomey = Involvement in the slave trade West Africa = Significant population loss and destabilization</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Spanish = Encomienda system for labor exploitation Portuguese = Feitorias for resource control Dutch = Cultuurstelsel for forced labor British = Commercial trade through companies</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>British = Emphasis on trade and commercial interests Dutch = Strategic trading posts with military presence Spanish = Colonial expansion with religious conversion Portuguese = Focus on coastal trading with local regimes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tokugawa shogunate = Limited foreign access to Nagasaki Ming and Qing dynasties = Strong centralized control limiting influence Mughal Empire = Restricted European control to coastal areas Ottoman control = Regulated key trade routes like Silk Road</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nutmeg = High-demand spice controlled by Dutch Sugar = Crop that fueled plantation economies Tobacco = Product integral to economic model in Americas Cloves = Valuable spice monopolized by VOC</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Africans = Forced labor and population displacement Amerindians = Conversion through missionary activities Indigenous Indonesians = Exploitation under VOC forced labor Native Indians = Limited European dominance under Mughal rule</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Benin = Initially resisted deep involvement in the slave trade Dahomey = Actively participated in the transatlantic slave trade Mughal Empire = Limited European control to coastal areas until the 18th century Ottoman Empire = Controlled strategic trade routes and taxed goods</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Commercialization = Expansion of trade networks Capitalism = Focus on private ownership and profit-making Merchant Class = Rise of wealthy merchants influencing politics Agriculture = Shift to cash crops for export markets</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>British East India Company (BEIC) = Focused on India and later became a governing authority Dutch East India Company (VOC) = Centered on Indonesia with trading posts Portuguese Empire = Aimed for territorial conquest in the Americas Spanish Empire = Extensive missionary work to convert populations</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>China = Confined Europeans to trade ports under strict regulations India = Mughal strength limited control of coastal areas Japan = Sakoku policy restricted foreign access to Nagasaki Africa = Significant population loss due to the slave trade</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bengal = Known for textiles and trade in the British Empire Spice Islands = Controlled by the VOC for spice trade West Africa = Involved in the slave trade and significant population impact Macau = Confined trade port for Europeans in China</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transatlantic Slave Trade = Disrupted traditional economies in Africa Expansion of the VOC = Fueled the Dutch Golden Age Decline of the BEIC = Ended with the Indian Rebellion of 1858 Military power of the Ottoman Empire = Taxed goods and controlled Eurasian trade</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Encomienda System = Spanish system to exploit Indigenous labor Cultuurstelsel = Forced labor system in the VOC's Indonesian territories Joint-Stock Companies = Backed by governments to control trade Market-based Production = Shifted from subsistence economies</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Emergence of wage labor = Developed primarily in Europe Decline of feudal systems = Rise of tenant farming and plantations Rise of the bourgeoisie = Influenced politics and society significantly Cash crops = Shifted focus of agriculture for export markets</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Indian Ocean = Key trade network for spices and goods Silk Road = Historical trade route controlled by the Ottoman Empire Southeast Asia = Region monopolized by the VOC for spices Macau and Canton = Trade ports under strict regulations by China</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Taxation of goods = Economic role of the Ottoman Empire Cultural preservation = Resistance through revolts among enslaved populations Private armies = Operational aspect of trading companies like BEIC and VOC Market-based economies = Emergence during commercialization in this period</p> Signup and view all the answers