Topical Antibiotics: Bacitracin and Polymyxin B
45 Questions
1 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the primary mechanism by which topical beta-blockers lower intraocular pressure (IOP)?

  • Increasing the outflow of aqueous humor
  • Decreasing the production of aqueous humor (correct)
  • Absorbing intraocular fluid
  • Enhancing systemic circulation

Which of the following is a common side effect of topical beta-blockers?

  • Dry eyes (correct)
  • Elevated blood pressure
  • Hypotension
  • Increased heart rate

In which condition is the use of topical beta-blockers contraindicated?

  • Atrioventricular (AV) heart block (correct)
  • Hypertension
  • Asthma
  • Diabetes mellitus

What cautionary measure should be taken when prescribing topical beta-blockers?

<p>In patients with heart failure (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which interaction should be considered when prescribing topical beta-blockers?

<p>Systemic beta blockers (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which population group is at increased risk for aortic aneurysm when using certain medications?

<p>Elderly individuals (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a known risk associated with ciprofloxacin?

<p>QT prolongation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What adverse effects are associated with sulfacetamide when used topically?

<p>Local irritation, stinging and burning (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Sulfacetamide is primarily used for treating which condition?

<p>Conjunctivitis and other ocular infections (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary mechanism of erythromycin's action?

<p>Inhibits protein synthesis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true regarding the use of topical medications with patients on glucocorticoids?

<p>Caution advised due to potential interactions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What condition has been reported to develop during treatment with sulfonamide ophthalmic preparations?

<p>Corneal ulcers (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a contraindication for the use of erythromycin?

<p>History of hypersensitivity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What caution should be taken into account when prescribing erythromycin?

<p>Potential for superinfection or overgrowth (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect of folate metabolism is inhibited by sulfacetamide?

<p>Folate synthesis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What risk is associated with ofloxacin usage?

<p>Possible risk of QT prolongation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Erythromycin can increase the plasma levels of which of the following medications?

<p>Warfarin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can erythromycin antagonize in its antibiotic action?

<p>Clindamycin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the risk involved with drug-to-drug interactions when using erythromycin?

<p>Increased toxicity of interacting drugs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following bacteria would erythromycin most effectively target?

<p>Bacteria susceptible to erythromycin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential consequence of erythromycin use in patients undergoing treatment for other conditions?

<p>Superinfection of treated infections (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What primary mechanism does bacitracin use to exert its bactericidal effect?

<p>Inhibition of peptidoglycan synthesis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which types of organisms is bacitracin effective against?

<p>Both gram-positive and gram-negative organisms (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a reported adverse effect associated with the topical use of erythromycin?

<p>Minor ocular irritations (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What component of the bacterial cell membrane does bacitracin interact with?

<p>Phospholipid components (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about erythromycin is true?

<p>It controls the development or reproduction of bacteria by inhibiting protein synthesis. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of bacitracin as an antibiotic?

<p>Bactericidal action through cell wall interference (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why should erythromycin be used with caution during pregnancy and lactation?

<p>There is insufficient data on its safety. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which conditions might result in QT prolongation when using certain antibiotics?

<p>HIV protease inhibitors and beta-blockers (B), Verapamil and diltiazem (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of reactions may occur as adverse effects of bacitracin?

<p>Hypersensitivity reactions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of fluoroquinolone antibiotics like ofloxacin?

<p>Interfering with DNA gyrase (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a reported adverse effect of ofloxacin ophthalmic drops?

<p>Transient ocular burning (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which patient scenario should ofloxacin not be used due to contraindications?

<p>Patients with a history of hypersensitivity to other quinolones (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of infections are treated with ofloxacin ophthalmic drops?

<p>Bacterial conjunctivitis and corneal ulcers (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a rare adverse effect associated with ofloxacin ophthalmic use?

<p>Dizziness (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements regarding the use of ofloxacin during pregnancy is correct?

<p>Not enough data is available to determine its safety. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of symptoms can be experienced with ofloxacin use other than ocular issues?

<p>Nausea and dizziness (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary indication for using Bacitracin-polymyxin B ophthalmic ointment?

<p>Topical treatment of superficial infections of the external eye (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which mechanism of action is associated with Neomycin?

<p>Inhibits protein synthesis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common side effect associated with the use of Neomycin ophthalmic preparations?

<p>Itching and swelling (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a major safety consideration when using Bacitracin-polymyxin B?

<p>Potential for anaphylaxis in sensitive individuals (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be considered when prescribing Neomycin?

<p>Avoid use in individuals with hypersensitivity to its components (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does Bacitracin-polymyxin B demonstrate its bactericidal properties?

<p>By binding to ribosomes and inhibiting protein synthesis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about the use of Neomycin in pregnancy or lactation is accurate?

<p>There is insufficient data to confirm safety. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a rare but serious side effect of extended use of Neomycin?

<p>Hearing loss (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Ophthalmic Antibiotics

A type of antibiotic that is used to treat superficial infections of the external eye and its adnexa.

Bacitracin-Polymyxin B

A polypeptide antibiotic that is bactericidal for many gram-positive and gram-negative organisms.

MOA of Bacitracin-Polymyxin B

The mechanism of action of Bacitracin-Polymyxin B is to inhibit protein synthesis by binding to ribosomal RNA and causing misreading of the bacterial genetic code.

Side Effects of Bacitracin-Polymyxin B

Common side effects of Bacitracin-Polymyxin B include itching, swelling, and conjunctival erythema. More serious hypersensitivity reactions, including anaphylaxis, have been reported rarely.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Contraindications of Bacitracin-Polymyxin B

Bacitracin-Polymyxin B is contraindicated in individuals who have shown hypersensitivity to any of its components.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Caution with Bacitracin-Polymyxin B

Prolonged use of Bacitracin-Polymyxin B can lead to the development of resistant organisms.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Pregnancy/Lactation and Bacitracin-Polymyxin B

There is not enough data to recommend Bacitracin-Polymyxin B for pregnant or lactating women.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Black Box Warnings for Ophthalmic Antibiotics

This drug class does not have any black box warnings.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Sulfonamides

A class of antibiotics that target and inhibit folate metabolism in bacteria.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Sulfacetamide (Bleph-10)

A topical sulfonamide antibiotic used to treat conjunctivitis and other superficial ocular infections.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Sulfonamide Precautions

Sulfonamides are not recommended for pregnant women, breastfeeding mothers, or individuals with underlying central nervous system (CNS) pathologies or kidney impairment.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Sulfonamide Adverse Effects

Long-term use of sulfonamides can lead to the development of bacterial and fungal corneal ulcers.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Sulfonamide Local Side Effects

Sulfonamides can cause local irritation, stinging, and burning.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Ciprofloxacin and QT Prolongation

Ciprofloxacin is a known QT-prolonging antibiotic, increasing the risk of a life-threatening heart rhythm abnormality called Torsades de Pointes (TdP).

Signup and view all the flashcards

Ofloxacin and QT Prolongation

Ofloxacin is an antibiotic that may also prolong the QT interval, leading to a possible risk of TdP.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Sulfonamide Drug Interactions

Sulfonamides are not known to interact with other drugs when applied topically.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Macrolide Antibiotics

A type of antibiotic that inhibits bacterial growth by interfering with protein synthesis.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Erythromycin (Topical)

Erythromycin is a specific example of a macrolide antibiotic, commonly used topically to treat bacterial infections.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Bacitracin

Bacitracin is an antibiotic that disrupts the bacterial cell wall, effectively killing the bacteria.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Bacitracin Mechanism of Action

Bacitracin works by increasing the permeability of the bacterial cell membrane.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Bacitracin's Target in the Bacterial Cell

Bacitracin targets the phospholipid component of the bacterial cell membrane, disrupting its structure.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Bacitracin's Effectiveness

Bacitracin effectively eliminates both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Bacitracin's Inhibition of Peptidoglycan Synthesis

Bacitracin inhibits the regeneration of phospholipid receptors involved in peptidoglycan synthesis.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Erythromycin Side Effects

Some potential side effects of topical erythromycin include mild eye irritation, redness, and hypersensitivity reactions.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What are Erythromycin-susceptible eye infections?

Infections affecting the conjunctiva (outer membrane of the eye) and/or cornea (transparent front part of the eye) caused by organisms sensitive to Erythromycin.

Signup and view all the flashcards

How does Erythromycin work to fight infection?

Erythromycin works by interfering with the creation and reproduction of bacteria, preventing them from making proteins necessary for their survival.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Who should avoid Erythromycin?

Erythromycin is not recommended for patients who have previously experienced allergic reactions to it.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What potential side effects should be considered while using Erythromycin?

During Erythromycin treatment, it's important to monitor for the overgrowth of other resistant bacteria or the development of new infections.

Signup and view all the flashcards

How does Erythromycin interact with other medications?

Erythromycin can increase the levels of certain drugs in the body, potentially causing side effects.

Signup and view all the flashcards

How does Erythromycin affect the action of other antibiotics?

Erythromycin can interfere with the effectiveness of other antibiotics like Chloramphenicol and Clindamycin.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Is Erythromycin safe for pregnant or breastfeeding women?

Erythromycin's safety during pregnancy and breastfeeding is considered a Category B drug by the FDA, meaning it is generally safe, but more research is needed.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What are the general precautions for Erythromycin?

Erythromycin is generally safe for use, but individuals with specific conditions or allergies should consult with a healthcare provider.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Fluoroquinolone Antibiotics (e.g., Ofloxacin, Ciprofloxacin)

A type of antibiotic that works by interfering with the DNA gyrase enzyme, which is crucial for bacterial DNA replication. This action stops bacteria from growing and multiplying, making them effective against bacterial infections.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Bacterial Conjunctivitis

A common bacterial eye infection that can be treated with topical antibiotics. It's characterized by inflammation of the conjunctiva, the thin, transparent layer lining the inside of the eyelid and the white part of the eye.

Signup and view all the flashcards

QT Prolongation

A serious condition that occurs when a medication or substance prolongs the QT interval on an electrocardiogram (ECG). This can increase the risk of developing a potentially life-threatening heart rhythm abnormality called torsades de pointes (TdP).

Signup and view all the flashcards

Torsades de Pointes (TdP)

This serious arrhythmia occurs when the heart's electrical pulses become chaotic and irregular, leading to an abnormally fast and erratic heartbeat. It can be life-threatening and requires immediate medical attention.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Medications That Inhibit Erythromycin Metabolism

These medications, including Verapamil, diltiazem, HIV protease inhibitors, and azole antifungals, can interfere with the metabolism of certain antibiotics, including erythromycin. This can lead to increased levels of the antibiotic in the body, potentially causing side effects or drug interactions.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Transient Ocular Burning or Discomfort

This common side effect of topical antibiotics, including ofloxacin, is usually temporary and resolves quickly. It's caused by the antibiotic irritating the sensitive tissues of the eye.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to Ofloxacin or Quinolones

It's important to avoid using topical antibiotics, like ofloxacin eye drops, if you have a history of allergy to this specific antibiotic, other quinolones, or any component of the medication. This can lead to severe allergic reactions.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Pregnancy and Lactation: Ofloxacin Eye Drops

It's crucial to consult a doctor or pharmacist for advice on using topical antibiotics during pregnancy or lactation, as there is not enough data to ensure safety for both mother and child.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Topical Beta-Blockers

A class of drugs that reduce intraocular pressure (IOP) by decreasing the production of aqueous humor, the fluid that fills the eye.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Timolol (timoptic)

A common topical beta-blocker used to treat glaucoma.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Transient ocular stinging

A common side effect of topical beta-blockers that involves a temporary stinging sensation in the eye.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Bradycardia

A condition where the heartbeat is too slow.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Atrioventricular (AV) heart block

A condition in which the heart's electrical conduction system is disrupted, leading to a slow or irregular heartbeat.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Study Notes

Antibiotics (Topical) - Polypeptide Antibiotics

  • Bacitracin-polymyxin B 0.1% ointment/drops: Indicated for superficial external eye infections caused by susceptible bacteria.
  • Mechanism of Action (MOA): Neomycin is bactericidal against Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms. It inhibits protein synthesis by binding to ribosomal RNA, causing errors in protein production. Polymyxin B is bactericidal for a variety of Gram-negative organisms. It increases bacterial cell membrane permeability.
  • Safety Considerations/Contraindications: Individuals with hypersensitivity to the components should avoid use.
  • Adverse Effects: Itching, swelling, conjunctival erythema, and hypersensitivity reactions (including anaphylaxis), and rare local irritation are possible side effects.
  • Drug Interactions (D2D): No significant interactions noted.
  • Black Box Warning (BBW): Not noted.
  • Pregnancy/Lactation: Insufficient data to recommend safe use.

Antibiotics (Topical) - Macrolides

  • Erythromycin 0.5%: Treats superficial Gram-positive & some Gram-negative ocular infections involving conjunctivae and corneas
  • Mechanism of Action (MOA): Controls the development/reproduction of bacteria by inhibiting protein synthesis.
  • Safety Considerations/Contraindications: Patients with a history of Erythromycin hypersensitivity should not use.
  • Adverse Effects: Minor ocular irritations like redness and hypersensitivity reactions.
  • Drug Interactions (D2D): Erythromycin can increase plasma levels and half-lives of other drugs, potentially increasing toxicity.
  • Black Box Warning (BBW): Not noted.
  • Pregnancy/Lactation: Use with caution; insufficient data.

Antibiotics (Topical) - Fluoroquinolones

  • Ofloxacin 0.3% ophthalmic drops and Ciprofloxacin 0.3% ophthalmic drops: Treat bacterial conjunctivitis and corneal ulcers
  • Mechanism of Action (MOA): Interferes with bacterial DNA gyrase, stopping DNA replication and bacterial growth.
  • Safety Considerations/Contraindications: Patients with a history of hypersensitivity to these or other quinolones should avoid.
  • Adverse Effects: Transient ocular burning or discomfort; rare redness, itching, stinging possible.
  • Drug Interactions (D2D): Interactions with other drugs, potentially increasing toxicity.
  • Black Box Warning (BBW): Not noted.
  • Pregnancy/Lactation: Insufficient data.

Antibiotics (Topical) - Sulfonamides

  • Sulfacetamide (Bleph-10): Treats conjunctivitis, superficial ocular infections caused by susceptible microorganisms.
  • Mechanism of Action (MOA): Inhibits bacterial folate metabolism, impeding their growth. Also adjunctive in systemic therapy for trachoma.
  • Safety Considerations/Contraindications: Not noted.
  • Adverse Effects: Bacterial and fungal corneal ulcers in some cases, local irritation, stinging & burning, conjunctivitis, and allergic reactions.
  • Drug Interactions (D2D): Not noted.
  • Black Box Warning (BBW): Not noted.
  • Pregnancy/Lactation: Insufficient data

Topical Beta-Blockers

  • Timolol (Timoptic): and Betaxolol (Betoptic): Treats glaucoma.
  • Mechanism of Action (MOA): Lowers intraocular pressure by decreasing aqueous humor production.
  • Safety Considerations/Contraindications: Patients with AV heart block, sinus bradycardia, cardiogenic shock, or heart failure must use with caution.
  • Adverse Effects: Transient ocular stinging, conjunctivitis, blurred vision, redness, dryness, and some heart-related issues possible.
  • Drug Interactions (D2D): Interaction with Sulfacetamide and silver-containing preparations.
  • Black Box Warning (BBW): None mentioned.
  • Pregnancy/Lactation: Refer to a specialist.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Quiz Team

Related Documents

Ophthalmic Drugs Module 9 Unit B (PDF)

Description

This quiz focuses on the topical polypeptide antibiotics, specifically Bacitracin and Polymyxin B. It covers their mechanism of action, safety considerations, adverse effects, and drug interactions. Enhance your knowledge about these antibiotics used for treating superficial external eye infections.

More Like This

Topical Anti-Infectives: Antibiotics and Antifungals
26 questions

Topical Anti-Infectives: Antibiotics and Antifungals

VersatileHope avatar
VersatileHope
Kaduceus: Drug List #2 Flashcards
10 questions

Kaduceus: Drug List #2 Flashcards

ExceedingSodalite avatar
ExceedingSodalite
Ear Infections and Treatments Quiz
45 questions

Ear Infections and Treatments Quiz

SelfSatisfactionXylophone avatar
SelfSatisfactionXylophone
Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Open
Browser
Browser