Ear Infections and Treatments Quiz

Questions and Answers

What type of bacteria is most commonly associated with tonsillitis indicated by mucosal inflammation with tonsillar exudates?

Candida albicans

Bacillus cereus

Group A beta hemolytic streptococci (S.pyogenes) (correct)

E. coli

Which of the following is a method of surgical treatment for tonsillitis?

Antibiotic therapy

Oral steroids

Saline irrigation

Drainage of inspissated mucin or pus (correct)

What is the primary reason for conducting a culture and sensitivity (C&S) test after 48 hours of antibiotic use?

To identify the presence of viral infections

To assess the need for surgical intervention

To determine the effectiveness of the antibiotic against MRSA (correct)

To measure the patient's recovery rate

Which group of bacteria is least likely to be involved in tonsillitis based on the provided information?

Listeria monocytogenes Signup and view all the answers

What is one individualized treatment for chronic sinusitis that may be used depending on the patient's condition?

Oral steroids Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is indicated to likely be viral when hoarseness and colds are present with a sore throat?

Tonsilitis Signup and view all the answers

Which antibiotic might be recommended if a patient is allergic to penicillin for treating tonsillitis?

Macrolides Signup and view all the answers

In the case of potential MRSA infection, when is C&S typically performed during the treatment process?

After 48 hours - 3 days of antibiotic use Signup and view all the answers

What common feature may indicate a non-bacterial cause of tonsillitis?

Hoarseness accompanied by upper respiratory symptoms Signup and view all the answers

All are common clinical sign of tonsillitis except?

Skin rash Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason surgery is indicated for hemangiomas?

Severe functional or cosmetic problems Signup and view all the answers

Which laser treatment is specifically used for deeper vascular lesions?

Neodymium yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Nd:YAG) laser Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant risk associated with sclerotherapy treatment for venous malformations?

Cavernous sinus thrombosis Signup and view all the answers

What treatment is commonly performed prior to surgical excision for arteriovenous malformations?

Preoperative angiographic embolization Signup and view all the answers

At what age does involution of hemangiomas typically begin?

Age 2 Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT commonly used for treating microcystic lymphangiomas?

Flashlamp-pumped pulsed-dye laser (FPDL) Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes abscess formation as a complication of sinusitis?

It can result in osteomyelitis and is hard to treat. Signup and view all the answers

What is considered a treatment option for invasive fungal sinusitis?

Aggressive surgical debridement and IV antifungal therapy Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a common treatment for chronic sinusitis?

Oral antifungal medications Signup and view all the answers

Which treatment is indicated for chronic otitis media with persistent otorrhea?

Myringotomy with tube placement Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum duration of persistent symptoms to diagnose chronic sinusitis?

12 weeks Signup and view all the answers

Which demographic is primarily affected by invasive fungal sinusitis?

Diabetics and immunocompromised patients Signup and view all the answers

What should be avoided when treating tympanic membrane perforations in chronic otitis media?

Aminoglycosides Signup and view all the answers

What are notable features of the sinonasal mucosa in invasive fungal sinusitis?

Ischemic necrosis and black eschar formation Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is characterized by an epidermoid cyst causing bone destruction in the middle ear?

Cholesteatoma Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary first-line drug for uncomplicated otitis media?

Amoxicillin Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions is commonly associated with nasal polyps in chronic sinusitis?

Heavy eosinophilic inflammation Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of Waldeyer’s Ring?

Acts as a barrier to infections Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following treatments is appropriate for Bell's palsy?

Steroid and antiviral therapy Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended management for fungal infections in the ear?

Topical 2% acetic acid Signup and view all the answers

What diagnostic procedure is usually performed in cases of suspected chronic sinusitis?

Nasal endoscopy Signup and view all the answers

Which pathogen is commonly associated with community-acquired infections contributing to sinusitis?

Streptococcus pneumoniae Signup and view all the answers

Which sign is NOT commonly associated with otitis media?

Vesicles in the external ear Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of Eustachian tube dysfunction in chronic otitis media?

Cholesteatoma formation Signup and view all the answers

What condition requires tympanoplasty for surgical closure?

Chronic otitis media Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common cause of unilateral vocal cord paresis?

Parathyroid surgery Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes macrocystic lymphangiomas?

Well-demarcated shape Signup and view all the answers

What condition often results in the need for tracheotomy in adults?

Bilateral vocal cord paralysis Signup and view all the answers

What is the treatment option for permanent vocal cord paralysis aimed at airway management?

Cordectomy Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential complication of lymphatic malformations?

Infection and rapid enlargement Signup and view all the answers

What growth pattern is associated with capillary hemangiomas?

Macrocystic and well-defined Signup and view all the answers

What indicates a failure to thrive in the context of bilateral vocal cord paralysis?

Feeding difficulties Signup and view all the answers

Which anatomical areas can be involved in secondary vocal cord paralysis due to malignant processes?

Cervical spine and thoracic cavity Signup and view all the answers

What is true regarding lymphatic malformation arising above the hyoid bone?

They are microcytic and infiltrative. Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the presentations of bilateral vocal cord paralysis?

Stridor due to airway obstruction Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Otitis Media and Treatments

Neomycin/polymyxin or quinoline-containing ear drops are used for Moraxella catarrhalis.
Topical steroids like hydrocortisone or dexamethasone reduce swelling and alleviate pain.
Acetic acid helps to flake thickening in the auditory canal.
Systemic antibiotics are reserved for severe infections, particularly in diabetics and immunocompromised patients.

Subacute and Chronic Otitis Media

Otowick may be necessary for delivering ototopical medication in cases of significant ear canal edema (3-8 weeks duration).
Chronic Otitis Media (COM) may require additional acetic acid to restore normal pH.
Symptoms of otitis media include otalgia, ear fullness, and conductive hearing loss.
First-line treatment for uncomplicated otitis media includes oral antibiotics like amoxicillin.

Tympanic Membrane Perforation

Tympanic Membrane perforations can occur in acute otitis media (AOM).
Use of tympanic drainage relieves fullness and pain and provides drainage of purulent fluid.
Perforations in chronic otitis media are characterized by persistent otorrhea and non-healing.

Bell's Palsy and Facial Nerve Disorders

Bell's Palsy: idiopathic facial paralysis caused primarily by herpes simplex virus.
Treatment includes steroids and antivirals; surgery may involve decompression of the facial nerve.
Ramsay-Hunt Syndrome presents with facial paralysis and vesicles in the external ear.

Chronic Otitis Media Complications

Non-healing perforations may necessitate tympanoplasty or ossicular reconstruction.
Cholesteatoma: a cyst in the middle ear causing bone destruction due to Eustachian tube dysfunction.
Mastoiditis may occur as a complication of cholesteatoma.

Sinusitis Overview

Common cold can lead to sinusitis, which typically resolves in 7 days.
Chronic sinusitis persists for 12 weeks and presents with fullness, fever, and nasal polyps.
Diagnostics may include nasal endoscopy and CT scans for mucosal thickening.

Chronic Sinusitis Treatment

Medical treatments include antibiotics (3-6 week courses) and possibly oral steroids.
Surgical intervention may be needed for polypectomy or drainage of accumulated pus.

Tonsillitis

Symptoms include sore throat, dysphagia, and fever, with possible viral or bacterial causes.
Streptococcus pyogenes is a common bacterial pathogen in tonsillitis.
Penicillin is the first-line antibiotic; alternatives include macrolides or cephalosporins.

Vocal Cord Paralysis

Unilateral paralysis commonly results from iatrogenic causes during neck or thoracic surgeries.
Bilateral paralysis necessitates tracheotomy due to airway compromise.
Surgical procedures may include cordectomy to facilitate decannulation.

Vascular Lesions of the Head & Neck

Hemangiomas are the most common vascular lesions in infancy, often resolving by age 12.
Surgical intervention is indicated if there is no significant involution by age 3-4.
Vascular lesions can be treated with various laser therapies or sclerotherapy, depending on the type and severity.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the treatment of ear infections, including the use of topical steroids, antiseptics, and systemic antibiotics. This quiz covers key concepts such as the role of neomycin/polymyxin and hydrocortisone in managing pain and inflammation associated with infections. Expand your understanding of symptoms and appropriate medical interventions.