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Questions and Answers
The cartilaginous septum of the tongue effectively prevents significant anastomosis of blood vessels across the midline.
The cartilaginous septum of the tongue effectively prevents significant anastomosis of blood vessels across the midline.
False (B)
The superficial lingual vein is prominently visible on each side of the midline on the undersurface of the tongue.
The superficial lingual vein is prominently visible on each side of the midline on the undersurface of the tongue.
False (B)
Lymphatic drainage from the anterior part of the tongue primarily flows bilaterally to nodes on both sides of the neck.
Lymphatic drainage from the anterior part of the tongue primarily flows bilaterally to nodes on both sides of the neck.
False (B)
The palatoglossus muscle, being an extrinsic tongue muscle, is innervated by the hypoglossal nerve similar to all other tongue muscles.
The palatoglossus muscle, being an extrinsic tongue muscle, is innervated by the hypoglossal nerve similar to all other tongue muscles.
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The lingual nerve provides taste sensation to the anterior two-thirds of the tongue via its direct sensory fibers.
The lingual nerve provides taste sensation to the anterior two-thirds of the tongue via its direct sensory fibers.
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The glossopharyngeal nerve exclusively mediates taste sensation for the posterior one-third of the tongue mucosa.
The glossopharyngeal nerve exclusively mediates taste sensation for the posterior one-third of the tongue mucosa.
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The vallate papillae region, located in the oral part of the tongue, receives its sensory nerve supply from the lingual nerve.
The vallate papillae region, located in the oral part of the tongue, receives its sensory nerve supply from the lingual nerve.
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Vasoconstrictor sympathetic fibers to the tongue originate from the inferior cervical ganglion.
Vasoconstrictor sympathetic fibers to the tongue originate from the inferior cervical ganglion.
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Fungiform papillae, similar to filiform papillae, are characterized by a keratinized surface.
Fungiform papillae, similar to filiform papillae, are characterized by a keratinized surface.
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Taste buds are predominantly found in the tips of filiform papillae across the tongue's surface.
Taste buds are predominantly found in the tips of filiform papillae across the tongue's surface.
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The submandibular duct opens on the sublingual papilla, a raised structure located on the floor of the mouth beside the tongue's frenulum.
The submandibular duct opens on the sublingual papilla, a raised structure located on the floor of the mouth beside the tongue's frenulum.
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The hypoglossal nerve, situated beneath the hyoglossus, is smaller in diameter than the glossopharyngeal nerve.
The hypoglossal nerve, situated beneath the hyoglossus, is smaller in diameter than the glossopharyngeal nerve.
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The lingual artery, after passing deep to the hyoglossus, courses above the hyoid bone's greater horn at a level corresponding to the hypoglossal nerve's position on the muscle's superficial side.
The lingual artery, after passing deep to the hyoglossus, courses above the hyoid bone's greater horn at a level corresponding to the hypoglossal nerve's position on the muscle's superficial side.
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The sublingual gland, positioned anterior to the hyoglossus, exclusively utilizes the submental artery for its blood supply.
The sublingual gland, positioned anterior to the hyoglossus, exclusively utilizes the submental artery for its blood supply.
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The communication between the hypoglossal and lingual nerves solely facilitates motor function to the tongue.
The communication between the hypoglossal and lingual nerves solely facilitates motor function to the tongue.
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The tongue's pharyngeal part constitutes the posterior one-third and faces backwards, forming the anterior wall of the oral pharynx.
The tongue's pharyngeal part constitutes the posterior one-third and faces backwards, forming the anterior wall of the oral pharynx.
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The fibrous septum, which separates the tongue's muscle halves, runs along the coronal plane.
The fibrous septum, which separates the tongue's muscle halves, runs along the coronal plane.
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The tongue's inferior surface has a rough texture similar to the cheek's lining.
The tongue's inferior surface has a rough texture similar to the cheek's lining.
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Vallate papillae, numbering approximately twelve, are positioned in a V formation, anterior to the sulcus terminalis.
Vallate papillae, numbering approximately twelve, are positioned in a V formation, anterior to the sulcus terminalis.
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The frenulum is a midline projection of mucous membrane located beneath the tip of the tongue's dorsal surface.
The frenulum is a midline projection of mucous membrane located beneath the tip of the tongue's dorsal surface.
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Filiform papillae contribute to the tongue's velvety texture ('fur') and are responsible for taste sensation.
Filiform papillae contribute to the tongue's velvety texture ('fur') and are responsible for taste sensation.
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Fungiform papillae, appearing as pink pinheads, carry taste buds and are concentrated on the tongue's lateral edges.
Fungiform papillae, appearing as pink pinheads, carry taste buds and are concentrated on the tongue's lateral edges.
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The anterior two-thirds of the tongue is called the postsulcal part and has a stratified squamous keratinizing epithelium with papillae.
The anterior two-thirds of the tongue is called the postsulcal part and has a stratified squamous keratinizing epithelium with papillae.
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The transversus muscle flattens the tongue and causes it to become elongated.
The transversus muscle flattens the tongue and causes it to become elongated.
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Contraction of the lowest fibers of the genioglossus muscle retracts the tongue.
Contraction of the lowest fibers of the genioglossus muscle retracts the tongue.
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The tongue's volume changes to facilitate different shapes and movements.
The tongue's volume changes to facilitate different shapes and movements.
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The hyoglossus muscle elevates the sides of the tongue.
The hyoglossus muscle elevates the sides of the tongue.
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The mylohyoid muscle plays a role in altering the position of the tongue.
The mylohyoid muscle plays a role in altering the position of the tongue.
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During the first stage of swallowing, the vertical intrinsic muscle creates a transverse groove on the tongue's dorsum.
During the first stage of swallowing, the vertical intrinsic muscle creates a transverse groove on the tongue's dorsum.
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It is impossible to swallow with an open mouth.
It is impossible to swallow with an open mouth.
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Relaxation of the tongue muscles can lead to airway obstruction in unconscious individuals.
Relaxation of the tongue muscles can lead to airway obstruction in unconscious individuals.
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Tongue muscles originate from myotomes below the first cervical segment.
Tongue muscles originate from myotomes below the first cervical segment.
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The mylohyoid raphe is attached to a fixed structure, similar to the pelvic floor raphe.
The mylohyoid raphe is attached to a fixed structure, similar to the pelvic floor raphe.
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The anterior lingual gland, a mixed gland, is located on the under surface of the tongue behind the tip.
The anterior lingual gland, a mixed gland, is located on the under surface of the tongue behind the tip.
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The foramen caecum, situated at the apex of the sulcus terminalis, is a vestigial remnant of the thyroglossal duct.
The foramen caecum, situated at the apex of the sulcus terminalis, is a vestigial remnant of the thyroglossal duct.
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The 'lingual tonsil' is comprised of aggregations of sebaceous follicles and contributes to Waldeyer's ring.
The 'lingual tonsil' is comprised of aggregations of sebaceous follicles and contributes to Waldeyer's ring.
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The lateral glossoepiglottic fold connects the epiglottis to the tongue.
The lateral glossoepiglottic fold connects the epiglottis to the tongue.
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The median glossoepiglottic fold, a fold of mucous membrane, links the base of the tongue to the epiglottis.
The median glossoepiglottic fold, a fold of mucous membrane, links the base of the tongue to the epiglottis.
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When the tongue is elevated, the lingual artery, vein, and nerve become clearly visible through the translucent mucosa that lines the under part of the tongue.
When the tongue is elevated, the lingual artery, vein, and nerve become clearly visible through the translucent mucosa that lines the under part of the tongue.
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The palatoglossal arches extend from the soft palate's underside to the sides of the tongue near the vallate papillae.
The palatoglossal arches extend from the soft palate's underside to the sides of the tongue near the vallate papillae.
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The intrinsic muscles of the tongue, unlike the extrinsic muscles, lack bony attachments.
The intrinsic muscles of the tongue, unlike the extrinsic muscles, lack bony attachments.
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The hyoglossus muscle, a significant landmark in dissections, lies deep to the lingual nerve, submandibular duct, and hypoglossal nerve.
The hyoglossus muscle, a significant landmark in dissections, lies deep to the lingual nerve, submandibular duct, and hypoglossal nerve.
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The styloglossus muscle originates from the posterior aspect of the styloid process and interdigitates with the superior fibers of the hyoglossus.
The styloglossus muscle originates from the posterior aspect of the styloid process and interdigitates with the superior fibers of the hyoglossus.
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Flashcards
Tongue Structure
Tongue Structure
A mass of skeletal muscle covered by mucous membrane, divided by a midline septum.
Parts of the Tongue
Parts of the Tongue
Includes dorsum, tip, inferior surface, and root, with the dorsum facing upwards and backwards.
Frenulum
Frenulum
A midline flange on the inferior surface of the tongue that connects the tongue to the floor of the mouth.
Oral vs Pharyngeal Parts
Oral vs Pharyngeal Parts
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Types of Papillae
Types of Papillae
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Filiform Papillae
Filiform Papillae
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Fungiform Papillae
Fungiform Papillae
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Vallate Papillae
Vallate Papillae
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Tongue Anatomy
Tongue Anatomy
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Anterior Lingual Gland
Anterior Lingual Gland
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Foramen Caecum
Foramen Caecum
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Lingual Tonsil
Lingual Tonsil
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Median Glossoepiglottic Fold
Median Glossoepiglottic Fold
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Intrinsic Tongue Muscles
Intrinsic Tongue Muscles
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Extrinsic Tongue Muscles
Extrinsic Tongue Muscles
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Genioglossus
Genioglossus
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Blood Supply to Tongue
Blood Supply to Tongue
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Palatoglossal Arch
Palatoglossal Arch
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Infrahyoid Muscles
Infrahyoid Muscles
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Mylohyoid Muscle
Mylohyoid Muscle
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Hyoglossus Muscle
Hyoglossus Muscle
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Lingual Nerve
Lingual Nerve
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Sublingual Gland
Sublingual Gland
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Lingual Vein
Lingual Vein
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Deep Lingual Vein
Deep Lingual Vein
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Lymph Drainage of Tongue
Lymph Drainage of Tongue
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Hypoglossal Nerve
Hypoglossal Nerve
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Glossopharyngeal Nerve
Glossopharyngeal Nerve
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Taste Buds
Taste Buds
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Keratin in Tongue
Keratin in Tongue
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Mucous Membrane of Tongue
Mucous Membrane of Tongue
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Tongue Muscles
Tongue Muscles
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Genioglossus Function
Genioglossus Function
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Hyoglossus Function
Hyoglossus Function
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Tongue Movements
Tongue Movements
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Voluntary Swallowing
Voluntary Swallowing
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Tongue Volume Constant
Tongue Volume Constant
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Mylohyoid Muscle Role
Mylohyoid Muscle Role
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Longitudinal Groove
Longitudinal Groove
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Tongue in Sleep
Tongue in Sleep
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Hyoid Mobility
Hyoid Mobility
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Study Notes
Tongue Anatomy and Physiology
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Structure: The tongue is a mass of skeletal muscle, primarily covered by mucous membrane. A fibrous septum divides it into two halves. Distinct parts include the dorsum (oral and pharyngeal), tip, inferior surface, and root.
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Dorsum: The anterior two-thirds (oral portion) faces upwards towards the hard palate, while the posterior one-third (pharyngeal portion) faces backwards.
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Oral Surface (Anterior Two-Thirds): Covered by stratified squamous keratinizing epithelium. This area has various papillae, including filiform (giving a velvety texture), fungiform (taste buds), and vallate (many taste buds clustered in a 'V' shape). The vallate papillae lie anterior to the sulcus terminalis, a groove marking the separation between oral and pharyngeal parts.
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Pharyngeal Surface (Posterior One-Third): This portion is smooth and features mucous and serous glands, along with aggregations of lymphoid follicles (lingual tonsil). A small depression called the foramen caecum is noted at the sulcus terminalis.
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Inferior Surface: This surface has a thin, smooth mucous membrane, and a midline frenulum attaches it to the floor of the mouth. Mixed glands (anterior lingual glands) are present.
舌頭的肌肉群
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Intrinsic Muscles: These muscles are entirely within the tongue and are responsible for modifying the tongue's shape. They include superior and inferior longitudinal, transverse, and vertical muscles.
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Extrinsic Muscles: These muscles originate from bone and are responsible for moving the tongue in space. Key extrinsic muscles are the genioglossus (largest, moves the tongue forward). hyoglossus(moves the tongue down and back), styloglossus (retracts the tongue), and palatoglossus (forms the palatoglossal arch).
Blood Supply and Lymphatic Drainage
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Blood Supply: The tongue is supplied primarily by the lingual artery. Branches are distributed to different regions (e.g., dorsal lingual branches to the back), and some contribution is from the facial and ascending pharyngeal arteries. Venous return is via the lingual vein which, joined by other smaller veins, ultimately drains into the internal jugular vein.
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Lymphatic Drainage: Lymphatic drainage to one side can sometimes reach nodes on the opposite side of the neck. This is most apparent in the posterior portion of the language. The tip drains to submental nodes, the anterior part to submandibular nodes, and the posterior part drains directly to deep cervical nodes.
Nerve Supply
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Motor Innervation: All intrinsic and extrinsic tongue muscles are innervated by the hypoglossal nerve (with the exception of palatoglossus, which is supplied by the pharyngeal plexus).
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Sensory Innervation: The anterior two-thirds of tongue's sensory nerve supply (except the vallate papilla area) is from the lingual nerve, which contains trigeminal components for common sensibility and chorda tympani components for taste. The posterior one-third and vallate papilla area are mainly supplied by the glossopharyngeal nerve with fibers for both common sensibility and taste. A small area of mucosa in the vallecula is supplied by the internal laryngeal nerve.
Development
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Muscles: Originate from suboccipital myotomes (cranial to the first cervical segment).
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Epithelium: Derived from the floor of the pharynx, with contributions from parts of the first, third, and fourth arches.
Floor of the Mouth
- Mylohyoid: A muscle extending from the mylohyoid line of the mandible forming a midline raphe.
- Geniohyoid: Paired muscles situated above the mylohyoid.
- Sublingual Region: Located below the tongue's tip and sides. Sublingual glands are present here.
Additional Notes
- Tongue involvement in swallowing and speech is detailed.
- The text describes various abnormalities and conditions that can affect the tongue in terms of its appearance and functionality.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the anatomy of the tongue, including its blood supply, lymphatic drainage, and nerve innervations. This quiz covers important aspects such as the role of extrinsic muscles and sensory fibers for taste perception, focusing on both the anterior and posterior parts of the tongue.
