Tongue Taste and Taste Buds Quiz (ODS Learning Outcomes)

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Questions and Answers

What action does the superior longitudinal muscle of the tongue perform?

Narrows and lengthens the tongue

Pulls the tip and sides downwards

Shortens the tongue and turns the tip upwards (correct)

Flattens the tongue

Which type of papillae is NOT associated with taste buds?

Circumvallate

Foliate

Filiform (correct)

Fungiform

What is the primary blood supply for the tongue?

Maxillary artery

Facial artery

Lingual artery (correct)

Thyroid artery

Which of the following is a characteristic of geographic tongue?

Smooth red patches with white wavy lines Signup and view all the answers

What role do supporting cells play within the taste buds?

Support the structure of the taste bud Signup and view all the answers

How does the inferior longitudinal muscle affect the tongue?

Shortens and pulls the tip and sides downwards Signup and view all the answers

What condition is characterized by an overgrowth of cells creating elongated papillae on the tongue?

Black hairy tongue Signup and view all the answers

What types of foods indicate nutrient-rich options when tasted?

Sweet and umami Signup and view all the answers

Which factor influences the type of saliva produced when food is in the mouth?

Texture of the food Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary action of the genioglossus muscle?

Pulls the tongue forward to protrude from the mouth Signup and view all the answers

What type of inflammation does glossitis represent?

Inflammation causing swelling and redness Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following muscles originates from the hyoid bone?

Hyoglossus Signup and view all the answers

The portion of the tongue that is not innervated by the hypoglossal nerve is composed of which muscle?

Palatoglossus Signup and view all the answers

What structure separates the anterior two-thirds and posterior one-third of the tongue?

Sulcus terminalis Signup and view all the answers

Which type of lingual papillae does NOT have taste buds?

Filiform Signup and view all the answers

Which extrinsic muscle of the tongue assists in retraction?

Hyoglossus Signup and view all the answers

The circumvallate papillae are primarily located in which area of the tongue?

At the posterior one third Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the palatoglossus muscle during swallowing?

Lifts up the tongue, closing off the mouth from the pharynx Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following muscles blends with the inferior longitudinal muscle?

Styloglossus Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is a triangular-shaped landmark between the two sections of the tongue?

Sulcus terminalis Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Tongue Anatomy and Physiology

The tongue's dorsum is divided into two parts: the anterior two-thirds (oral) and the posterior one-third (pharyngeal), separated by the sulcus terminalis (a triangular landmark) and foramen caecum.
Four types of lingual papillae are found on the dorsum: filiform, fungiform, circumvallate, and foliate.

Tongue Muscles

Extrinsic Muscles: These originate outside the tongue and insert into it.
- Genioglossus: Originates from the mandible, inserts into the tongue, and protrudes the tongue. It can also depress the tongue and form a concavity.
- Hyoglossus: Originates from the hyoid bone, inserts into the ventral tongue, and depresses and retracts the tongue.
- Palatoglossus: Originates from the soft palate, inserts into the tongue, and elevates the tongue, closing the mouth from the pharynx (e.g., during swallowing).
- Styloglossus: Originates from the styloid process, inserts into the inferior longitudinal muscle and hyoglossus, and elevates and retracts the tongue.
Intrinsic Muscles: These are entirely contained within the tongue.
- Superior Longitudinal Muscle: Originates from the posterior tongue, inserts into the apex and anterolateral margins, and shortens and elevates the tongue tip.
- Inferior Longitudinal Muscle: Originates from the root and hyoid bone, inserts into the tongue apex, and shortens and depresses the tongue tip.
- Vertical Muscle: Originates from the tongue root and genioglossus, inserts into the lingual aponeurosis, and flattens and broadens the tongue.
- Transverse Muscle: Originates from the median lingual septum, inserts into the tongue sides, and narrows and lengthens the tongue.

Blood Supply and Innervation

Blood Supply: The lingual artery (branch of the external carotid artery) supplies blood to the tongue. The lingual vein drains the tongue.
Nerve Innervation: Detailed innervation information is not provided, but information on extrinsic muscle action is provided. (The text does not specify nerves related to intrinsic muscles)

Taste Sensation

Taste buds are barrel-shaped organs within lingual papillae (fungiform, foliate, circumvallate).
Each taste bud contains supporting and taste cells, and a taste pore.
Dissolved food molecules at the taste pore stimulate taste cells, initiating signals to the sensory neurons, which transmit the information to the central nervous system for taste identification.
Taste can be categorized as safety (nutrient-rich) and physiological (stimulates digestion and other senses).

Tongue Variations in Health and Disease

Geographic Tongue: A benign condition caused by tongue inflammation, marked by smooth irregular red patches and white wavy lines that change position. No specific treatment, avoid acidic/spicy foods to reduce soreness.
Glossitis: Inflammation causing swelling, redness, and texture changes. Causes can include anemia, celiac disease, trauma, or allergic reactions.
Piercings: Can cause complications like infections or damage.
Black Hairy Tongue: Overgrowth of cells creating elongated papillae, trapping food, bacteria, and yeast, leading to discoloration. Causes can include smoking, antibiotics, and radiotherapy. Treat by cleaning the surface with a toothbrush/scraper and lifestyle changes.
Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Detailed information about this type of tongue cancer is not present in the provided text.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the anatomy and physiology of the tongue, including its structure and muscle functions. This quiz covers different parts of the tongue and the four types of lingual papillae along with the extrinsic muscles involved in its movement.