Anatomy LE 3: Thorax and Breast

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What is the level of the thoracic spine corresponding to the sternal angle or angle of Louis?

T7/T8

T4/T5 (correct)

T2

T9

What is the location of the dome of the diaphragm?

L3

T2

T9 (correct)

T4/T5

What is the innervation of the intercostal muscles?

Intercostal nerves (correct)

Phrenic nerves

Brachial nerves

Lumbar nerves

How many pairs of intercostal muscles are there?

11 Signup and view all the answers

What is the first layer of muscles found in the region of costal cartilages underneath the silvery lining?

Internal intercostal muscles Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the internal intercostal muscles and the external intercostal muscles?

Internal intercostal muscles are weaker Signup and view all the answers

What is the structure that bifurcates at the level of the sternal angle of Louis?

Main airway Signup and view all the answers

What is the location of the superior angle of the scapula in relation to the thoracic spine?

T3 Signup and view all the answers

What artery supplies the 1st to 6th intercostal spaces?

Internal thoracic artery Signup and view all the answers

Which artery originates from a branch of the subclavian artery?

Internal thoracic artery Signup and view all the answers

What is the terminal branch of the internal thoracic artery?

Musculophrenic artery Signup and view all the answers

Which artery supplies the 7th to 9th intercostal spaces and the diaphragm?

Musculophrenic artery Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the musculophrenic artery below the diaphragm?

It becomes the superior epigastric artery Signup and view all the answers

Which veins accompany the intercostal arteries and nerves?

Intercostal veins Signup and view all the answers

What is the ultimate destination of the blood from the intercostal veins?

Superior vena cava Signup and view all the answers

Which anterior intercostal artery is absent in the 10th-12th intercostal spaces?

Anterior intercostal artery Signup and view all the answers

What is the action of the Serratus Posterior Superior Muscle?

Elevates 2nd-5th ribs Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle raises ribs with very minimal work?

Levatores Costarum Muscle Signup and view all the answers

What is the nerve supply of the Serratus Posterior Superior Muscle?

IC nerves Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle depresses 9th-12th ribs?

Serratus Posterior Inferior Muscle Signup and view all the answers

What is the origin of the Serratus Posterior Superior Muscle?

Lower cervical and upper thoracic spines Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is an accessory muscle of inspiration?

Serratus Posterior Superior Muscle Signup and view all the answers

What is the action of the Transversus Thoracis Muscle?

Depresses 2nd-5th ribs Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is an expiratory muscle?

Transversus Thoracis Muscle Signup and view all the answers

Which nerves supply the joints, skin, and deep back muscles?

Subcostal nerve Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of thoracentesis?

To remove fluid from the chest cavity Signup and view all the answers

Why do doctors stick to the superior border of the rib during thoracentesis?

To avoid the neurovascular bundle Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of lymphatic drainage ends up in the pectoral or anterior axillary nodes?

60% Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the nerve that is no longer an intercostal nerve due to the absence of a 13th rib?

Subcostal nerve Signup and view all the answers

What is the arrangement of the intercostal veins, arteries, and nerves?

Superior to inferior Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve transmits parasympathetic trunk?

Vagus nerve Signup and view all the answers

Where do most of the lymphatics of our body drain?

Left subclavian vein Signup and view all the answers

What is the zone farthest from the nipple-areolar complex in the Face of Clock Breast Examination?

Zone C Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary survey framework used in the CHEST INJURY EXAMINATION?

A-B-C-D-E Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal respiratory rate in the primary survey?

18 breaths per minute Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of a shifted trachea?

It is a sign of a severe chest injury Signup and view all the answers

What is a possible cause of decreased breath sound on the right?

Blood in the chest cavity Signup and view all the answers

What is the level of the inferior visceral pleural reflection at the end of expiration?

8th rib at the mid-axillary line Signup and view all the answers

What is the level of the thoracic duct transmission through its diaphragmatic opening?

T10 vertebral level Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the exposure component of the primary survey?

To expose the entire body to check for other wounds or injuries Signup and view all the answers

What is a possible consequence of a shifted trachea?

Kinking of important vascular and respiratory structures Signup and view all the answers

What is the importance of checking for other wounds or injuries in the exposure component of the primary survey?

To identify other wounds or injuries that may be hidden Signup and view all the answers