24 Questions
What is the main function of the thoracic cage?
To protect the lungs and the heart
What is the name of the bony structure that forms the center of the thoracic cage?
Sternum
How are the 12 pairs of ribs classified?
Into true ribs and false ribs
What is the mediastinum divided into by an imaginary line from the sternal angle to the disc between 4th and 5th thoracic vertebrae?
Into superior and inferior mediastinum
What is the region in front of the heart and pericardium called?
Anterior mediastinum
What separates the thoracic cage from the abdomen?
Respiratory diaphragm
What is the region behind the heart and pericardium?
Posterior mediastinum
What is the boundary of the anterior mediastinum posteriorly?
The pericardium
What is contained within the fibrous pericardium?
The heart and adjacent parts of the great vessels
What is attached to the central tendon of the diaphragm?
The base of the fibrous pericardium
What is the contents of the middle mediastinum?
The heart and pericardium
What is the anterior boundary of the anterior mediastinum?
The body of the sternum
What is the function of the fibrous pericardium in relation to the heart?
To prevent over distension of the heart
What is the upper part of the fibrous pericardium attached to?
Pretracheal fascia
What is the purpose of the pericardial cavity?
To reduce friction between the heart and surrounding structures
What is the visceral layer of the serous pericardium also known as?
Epicardium
What structures pierce the posterior surface of the fibrous pericardium?
Pulmonary veins
What are the recesses in the serous pericardium in relation to the heart and its great vessels called?
Pericardial sinuses
What is the boundary of the transverse sinus anteriorly?
Ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk
Which of the following vessels supply the fibrous pericardium?
Pericardiacophrenic and musculophrenic arteries
What is the boundary of the oblique sinus posteriorly?
Esophagus and descending thoracic aorta
Which nerve supplies the fibrous pericardium and parietal layer of serous pericardium?
Phrenic nerves
What is the boundary of the oblique sinus above?
It is closed by the reflection of visceral layer from the back of left atrium to the parietal layer of serous pericardium
Which of the following is not sensitive to pain?
Visceral layer of serous pericardium
Identify the structure of the thoracic cage, define the mediastinum and describe its divisions. Learn about the anatomy of the fibrous pericardium, its functions, and related pericardial sinuses. Discuss clinical points related to the pericardium.
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