Thoracic Cage and Pericardium Anatomy

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What is the main function of the thoracic cage?

To protect the lungs and the heart (correct)
To form the mediastinum
To provide attachments for the muscles of the thorax, upper extremities, back, and abdomen
To communicate with the neck and abdomen

What is the name of the bony structure that forms the center of the thoracic cage?

Manubrium
Xiphoid process
Thoracic vertebrae
Sternum (correct)

How are the 12 pairs of ribs classified?

Into true ribs and false ribs (correct)
Into upper and lower ribs
Into true ribs and floating ribs
Into anterior and posterior ribs

What is the mediastinum divided into by an imaginary line from the sternal angle to the disc between 4th and 5th thoracic vertebrae?

Into superior and inferior mediastinum (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the region in front of the heart and pericardium called?

Anterior mediastinum (D) Signup and view all the answers

What separates the thoracic cage from the abdomen?

Respiratory diaphragm (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the region behind the heart and pericardium?

Posterior mediastinum (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the boundary of the anterior mediastinum posteriorly?

The pericardium (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is contained within the fibrous pericardium?

The heart and adjacent parts of the great vessels (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is attached to the central tendon of the diaphragm?

The base of the fibrous pericardium (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the contents of the middle mediastinum?

The heart and pericardium (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the anterior boundary of the anterior mediastinum?

The body of the sternum (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the fibrous pericardium in relation to the heart?

To prevent over distension of the heart (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the upper part of the fibrous pericardium attached to?

Pretracheal fascia (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the pericardial cavity?

To reduce friction between the heart and surrounding structures (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the visceral layer of the serous pericardium also known as?

Epicardium (D) Signup and view all the answers

What structures pierce the posterior surface of the fibrous pericardium?

Pulmonary veins (C) Signup and view all the answers

What are the recesses in the serous pericardium in relation to the heart and its great vessels called?

Pericardial sinuses (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the boundary of the transverse sinus anteriorly?

Ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following vessels supply the fibrous pericardium?

Pericardiacophrenic and musculophrenic arteries (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the boundary of the oblique sinus posteriorly?

Esophagus and descending thoracic aorta (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve supplies the fibrous pericardium and parietal layer of serous pericardium?

Phrenic nerves (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the boundary of the oblique sinus above?

It is closed by the reflection of visceral layer from the back of left atrium to the parietal layer of serous pericardium (A) Signup and view all the answers