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Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of the pulmonary artery?
What is the primary function of the pulmonary artery?
Which of the following blood vessels carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart?
Which of the following blood vessels carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart?
What is the function of the mitral valve?
What is the function of the mitral valve?
Which of the following is NOT a function of the heart?
Which of the following is NOT a function of the heart?
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What is the function of the superior vena cava (SVC) and inferior vena cava (IVC)?
What is the function of the superior vena cava (SVC) and inferior vena cava (IVC)?
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What is the function of the nasopharynx?
What is the function of the nasopharynx?
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What is the shape of the lungs?
What is the shape of the lungs?
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How many fissures does the right lung have?
How many fissures does the right lung have?
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What is the function of the trachea?
What is the function of the trachea?
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How many C-shaped cartilages make up the wall of the trachea?
How many C-shaped cartilages make up the wall of the trachea?
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Study Notes
Cardiovascular System
- The cardiovascular system consists of the heart and blood vessels.
- The heart is covered by the pericardium.
Heart Structure
- The heart has four chambers: right atrium, left atrium, right ventricle, and left ventricle.
- The heart has four valves: tricuspid valve, mitral valve, pulmonary valve, and aortic valve.
Blood Flow
- Deoxygenated blood enters the right atrium through the superior and inferior vena cavae (SVC & IVC).
- Blood flows from the right atrium to the right ventricle through the tricuspid valve.
- Blood is pumped from the right ventricle to the lungs through the pulmonary valve and pulmonary artery.
- Oxygenated blood returns to the heart through the pulmonary veins, which open into the left atrium.
- Blood flows from the left atrium to the left ventricle through the mitral valve.
- Blood is pumped from the left ventricle to the rest of the body through the aortic valve and aorta.
Blood Vessels
- Arteries carry oxygenated blood from the heart to the periphery, except for the pulmonary artery, which carries deoxygenated blood.
- Veins carry deoxygenated blood from the periphery to the heart, except for the pulmonary veins, which carry oxygenated blood.
Respiratory System
- The upper respiratory passages consist of the nose, nasopharynx, and larynx.
- The lower respiratory passages consist of the trachea, bronchi, and lungs.
Nose
- The nose opens into the face through the anterior nasal openings.
- The nose is divided into right and left halves, which open posteriorly into the posterior nasal openings.
Nasopharynx
- The nasopharynx lies behind the nasal cavity and conveys air from the nose to the larynx.
Larynx
- The larynx is the organ of phonation and connects the nasopharynx to the trachea.
- The larynx contains vocal cords, which are responsible for speech and phonation.
Trachea and Bronchi
- The trachea connects the larynx to the lungs.
- The trachea divides into the right and left bronchi, each connected to the corresponding lung.
Lungs
- The lungs are essential organs for respiration and are conical in shape.
- The right lung is shorter and broader due to its relation to the liver and has three lobes.
- The left lung is longer and narrower and has two lobes.
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Description
This quiz covers the anatomy of the cardiovascular system, including the heart, blood vessels, and related structures. Students will be tested on their knowledge of the key components and their relationships.
