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Questions and Answers
What does the humanistic-existential model emphasize in understanding human behavior?
What does the humanistic-existential model emphasize in understanding human behavior?
Which aspect is primarily examined by the sociocultural model?
Which aspect is primarily examined by the sociocultural model?
How do biological theorists view abnormal behavior?
How do biological theorists view abnormal behavior?
Which of the following treatments is considered part of drug therapy for mental disorders?
Which of the following treatments is considered part of drug therapy for mental disorders?
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What is a key focus of the biological perspective in psychology?
What is a key focus of the biological perspective in psychology?
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What is the primary function of neurotransmitters in the context of neuron communication?
What is the primary function of neurotransmitters in the context of neuron communication?
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Which brain structures are specifically linked to Huntington's disease?
Which brain structures are specifically linked to Huntington's disease?
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The sequence of actions that occur when an electrical impulse is transmitted from one neuron to another includes which of the following?
The sequence of actions that occur when an electrical impulse is transmitted from one neuron to another includes which of the following?
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Which part of the neuron is responsible for receiving incoming impulses?
Which part of the neuron is responsible for receiving incoming impulses?
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What is the relationship between specific brain structures and psychological disorders?
What is the relationship between specific brain structures and psychological disorders?
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How does the brain primarily communicate information?
How does the brain primarily communicate information?
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What role do glial cells play in the brain?
What role do glial cells play in the brain?
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What remains uncertain about the relationship between brain structural changes and disorders like Huntington's disease?
What remains uncertain about the relationship between brain structural changes and disorders like Huntington's disease?
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Which model in abnormal psychology emphasizes personal choices and values?
Which model in abnormal psychology emphasizes personal choices and values?
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What does the Sociocultural Model primarily highlight in the context of abnormal psychology?
What does the Sociocultural Model primarily highlight in the context of abnormal psychology?
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Which neurotransmitter is typically considered low in individuals with depression?
Which neurotransmitter is typically considered low in individuals with depression?
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In the Biological Perspective, what is regarded as a primary cause of abnormal behavior?
In the Biological Perspective, what is regarded as a primary cause of abnormal behavior?
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What structure in a neuron is responsible for transmitting impulses?
What structure in a neuron is responsible for transmitting impulses?
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Which of the following is NOT a neurotransmitter mentioned in the context of disorders?
Which of the following is NOT a neurotransmitter mentioned in the context of disorders?
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Which model or perspective focuses on the interplay of family and social interactions?
Which model or perspective focuses on the interplay of family and social interactions?
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Prenatal exposure to viral infections may increase the risk of which of the following conditions?
Prenatal exposure to viral infections may increase the risk of which of the following conditions?
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Which of the following statements accurately reflects the current understanding of genetic factors in mood disorders?
Which of the following statements accurately reflects the current understanding of genetic factors in mood disorders?
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What is the primary function of neurotransmitters in the brain?
What is the primary function of neurotransmitters in the brain?
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Which element in the brain is primarily concerned with the reception of impulses?
Which element in the brain is primarily concerned with the reception of impulses?
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Which neurotransmitter is primarily associated with depressive disorders?
Which neurotransmitter is primarily associated with depressive disorders?
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What role do endocrine glands play during stress responses?
What role do endocrine glands play during stress responses?
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How are genes related to mental disorders according to studies?
How are genes related to mental disorders according to studies?
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What effect does GABA have on the nervous system?
What effect does GABA have on the nervous system?
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Which mental disorder is associated with dopamine imbalances?
Which mental disorder is associated with dopamine imbalances?
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What is the function of cortisol in the body during stress?
What is the function of cortisol in the body during stress?
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What can be a result of viral infections according to the biological perspective?
What can be a result of viral infections according to the biological perspective?
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Which neurotransmitter is primarily linked to anxiety disorders?
Which neurotransmitter is primarily linked to anxiety disorders?
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What is the relationship between neurotransmitters and mental disorders?
What is the relationship between neurotransmitters and mental disorders?
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Study Notes
Theoretical Perspectives in Abnormal Psychology
- Models/theories explain behavior and guide investigations.
-
Major Models:
- Biological: Focuses on physical processes (e.g., brain chemistry).
- Psychodynamic: Emphasizes unconscious conflicts.
- Cognitive-Behavioral: Studies learned behaviors and thought patterns.
- Humanistic-Existential: Emphasizes personal values and choices.
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Sociocultural: Highlights social and cultural influences, including,
- Family-Social Perspective: Family and social interactions.
- Multicultural Perspective: Cultural beliefs, values, and history.
Biological Perspective
- Viewpoint: Abnormal behavior is an illness caused by body dysfunctions.
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Brain Anatomy:
- Composed of neurons and glia cells.
- Disorders are linked to structural issues (e.g., Huntington's disease).
- Unknown if structural issues cause disorders, or vice versa.
Brain Chemistry
-
Neuron Structure:
- Dendrites: Receive impulses.
- Axon: Transmits impulses.
- Synapse: Space between neurons where impulses travel via neurotransmitters.
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Neurotransmitter Message Flow:
- Excite: Triggers neuron firing.
- Inhibit: Stops neuron firing.
Neurotransmitters & Endocrine Glands
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Neurotransmitters:
- Examples: Serotonin, Dopamine, GABA
- Specific disorders are linked to imbalances of these. (e.g., depression, anxiety, schizophrenia)
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Endocrine System:
- Releases hormones to regulate various bodily functions (e.g., stress, growth).
- Imbalances are linked to some disorders (e.g., high cortisol in depression)
Viral Infections and Genetic Factors
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Viral Infections:
- Prenatal exposure may lead to disorders (e.g., schizophrenia, intellectual disabilities).
-
Genetic Factors:
- Inheritance plays a role in disorders (e.g., mood disorders, Alzheimer's).
- Often, multiple genes interact.
Biological Treatments
- Drug Therapy: Psychotropic drugs reduce symptoms.
- Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT): Used for severe depression; involves brief brain seizures.
- Neurosurgery: Rare; involves surgical intervention for mental disorders.
Introducing Perspectives
- Models in science try to explain events/behaviors
- Several models are used to understand and treat abnormal functioning.
- Models are influenced by values and clinical research developments
- This is illustrated by the spectrum of models that range from biology to sociocultural factors.
- Different models focus on different aspects of human functioning to explain abnormal behavior.
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Description
Explore the major theoretical models in abnormal psychology, including biological, psychodynamic, cognitive-behavioral, humanistic-existential, and sociocultural perspectives. Understand how these models explain abnormal behavior and guide research and treatment approaches.
