Abnormal Psychology - Chapter 2 Flashcards

Questions and Answers

What includes the medulla, pons, and cerebellum?

Hindbrain (correct)

Thalamus

Midbrain

Forebrain

What part of the brain controls movement?

Cerebellum

What part of the brain controls sleep and arousal?

Pons

What connects higher and lower regions of the brain?

Midbrain Signup and view all the answers

What includes the cerebrum, thalamus, hypothalamus, and cortex?

Forebrain Signup and view all the answers

What part of the brain divides the hemispheres?

Corpus Callosum Signup and view all the answers

What part of the brain controls the relay between the senses?

Thalamus Signup and view all the answers

What part of the brain regulates the endocrine system and hunger?

Hypothalamus Signup and view all the answers

What part of the brain is associated with emotions and memory?

Hippocampus Signup and view all the answers

An impulse is received at a neuron's _____

dendrite Signup and view all the answers

What part of the neuron transmits impulses to other neurons?

Axon Signup and view all the answers

The space between neurons is called a _____

synapse Signup and view all the answers

What chemical is released when an electrical impulse reaches a nerve ending?

Neurotransmitter Signup and view all the answers

What motivates individuals to satisfy basic, pleasurable impulses in Freud's theory?

Id Signup and view all the answers

What is the reality principle in Freud's theory?

Ego Signup and view all the answers

What grows from the ego in Freud's theory?

Superego Signup and view all the answers

What is known as sexual energy in Freud's theory?

Libido Signup and view all the answers

What part of the brain controls heart rate, breathing, and digestion?

Medulla Signup and view all the answers

What is the basic unit of the nervous system that transmits information?

Neuron Signup and view all the answers

What distorts reality to control unacceptable id impulses?

Defense Mechanisms Signup and view all the answers

What is the act of pushing unacceptable thoughts into the unconscious mind?

Repression Signup and view all the answers

What is the attribution of unacceptable impulses to others?

Projection Signup and view all the answers

What is the return to a less mature behavior to reduce anxiety?

Regression Signup and view all the answers

What is expressing the opposite of disturbing ideas called?

Reaction Formation Signup and view all the answers

What types of treatments attempt to pinpoint physical sources of dysfunction?

Biological Treatments Signup and view all the answers

What group of drugs includes anti-anxiety, anti-depressant, anti-bipolar, and anti-psychotic drugs?

Psychotropic Medications Signup and view all the answers

What are tranquilizers like Valium called?

Anti-anxiety Drugs Signup and view all the answers

Which anti-depressant drugs are commonly known?

Prozac, Zoloft Signup and view all the answers

What are mood stabilizers such as Lithium known as?

Anti-bipolar Drugs Signup and view all the answers

What are drugs like Risperdal and Haldol used for?

Anti-psychotic Drugs Signup and view all the answers

What is another name for electroshock therapy?

Electroconvulsive Therapy Signup and view all the answers

What involves the passage of an electrical current through the brain to produce a seizure?

ECT Signup and view all the answers

What type of surgery is used for mental disorders?

Psychosurgery Signup and view all the answers

What surgery cuts fibers to the frontal lobe of the brain?

Lobotomy Signup and view all the answers

What surgery inserts an electrode needle through small holes in the skull?

Cingulotomy Signup and view all the answers

According to Freud, the five developmental stages include Oral, Anal, Phallic, Latency, and _____

Genital Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of development from 0 to 18 months?

Oral Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of development from 18 months to 3 years?

Anal Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of development from 3 years to 5 years?

Phallic Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of development from 5 years to 12 years?

Latency Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of development from 12 years to adulthood?

Genital Signup and view all the answers

What is known as the Oedipal Complex?

Children's manifestation of desires for their opposite-sex parent Signup and view all the answers

What involves conflict during the phallic stage for girls?

Electra Complex Signup and view all the answers

What therapies range from Freudian analysis to more modern approaches?

Psychodynamic Therapies Signup and view all the answers

What psychodynamic therapy involves saying whatever comes to mind?

Free Association Signup and view all the answers

What defense mechanism involves blocking during free association?

Resistance Signup and view all the answers

What term refers to when a patient acts out their relationships towards the therapist?

Transference Signup and view all the answers

What describes the psychological release from reliving emotionally charged conflicts?

Catharsis Signup and view all the answers

What type of learning occurs due to consequences such as rewards?

Operant Conditioning Signup and view all the answers

What happens to behaviors followed by positive outcomes in operant conditioning?

Strengthened Signup and view all the answers

What happens to behaviors followed by negative outcomes in operant conditioning?

Weakened Signup and view all the answers

What type of learning involves modeling or imitating?

Observational Learning Signup and view all the answers

What describes the temporal association in classical conditioning?

When two events occur together repeatedly Signup and view all the answers

Who studied classical conditioning using a dog experiment?

Ivan Pavlov Signup and view all the answers

What is the unconditioned response (UR) in Pavlov's experiment?

Salivation Signup and view all the answers

What is the conditioned response (CR) in Pavlov's experiment?

Salivation Signup and view all the answers

What is known as the unconditioned stimulus (US) in Pavlov's experiment?

Food Signup and view all the answers

What is known as the conditioned stimulus (CS) in Pavlov's experiment?

Bell Signup and view all the answers

What classical conditioning treatment changes abnormal reactions to stimuli?

Systematic Desensitization Signup and view all the answers

Who are the founders of the cognitive model?

Albert Ellis and Aaron Beck Signup and view all the answers

What does the faulty thinking process include?

Illogical, Over-generalization Signup and view all the answers

What therapy helps patients recognize and change faulty thinking?

Cognitive Therapy Signup and view all the answers

What model emphasizes the uniqueness of human consciousness?

Humanistic-Existential Model Signup and view all the answers

What term refers to the acknowledgment of self-actualization in humanistic psychology?

Humanistic Signup and view all the answers

What concept in existential psychology pertains to hiding from life's responsibilities?

Self-deception Signup and view all the answers

What therapy is based on Carl Rogers' theory?

Humanistic Therapy Signup and view all the answers

What therapy is based on Fritz Perls' theory?

Gestalt Therapy Signup and view all the answers

What therapy teaches acceptance of responsibility and living with greater meaning?

Existential Therapy Signup and view all the answers

What theory posits that abnormal functioning within a family leads to abnormal behavior?

Family Systems Theory Signup and view all the answers

What therapy is focused on family structure and communication?

Sociocultural Therapy Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Neuroanatomy and Function

Hindbrain: Comprises the medulla, pons, and cerebellum; critical for basic life functions.
Cerebellum: Manages motor control and coordination.
Pons: Regulates sleep patterns and arousal.
Midbrain: Contains fibers that connect higher brain regions to lower ones.
Forebrain: Includes essential structures like the cerebrum, thalamus, hypothalamus, and cortex.
Corpus Callosum: Connects and divides the brain's two hemispheres.
Thalamus: Acts as the sensory relay center.
Hypothalamus: Controls the endocrine system and regulates physiological drives such as hunger and thirst.
Hippocampus: Involved in emotions and memory formation.

Neurons and Communication

Dendrites: Receive impulses from other neurons.
Axon: Transmits neural impulses away from the neuron body.
Synapse: The gap where communication between neurons occurs.
Neurotransmitter(s): Chemicals that communicate signals between neurons, influencing their action.

Freudian Concepts

Id: Represents basic instincts and pleasure-seeking drives; unconscious in nature.
Ego: Mediates between the id's desires and reality, partly unconscious.
Superego: Conscience aspect shaped by parental values and societal norms, integrating conscious and unconscious elements.
Libido: Refers to sexual energy driving the id's impulses.

Defense Mechanisms

Repression: Unconscious blocking of unacceptable thoughts.
Projection: Attributing one's own unacceptable impulses to others.
Regression: Reverting to earlier behavior patterns to cope with anxiety.
Reaction Formation: Expressing the opposite of disturbing thoughts or feelings.

Biological Treatments

Aim to identify and treat physical causes of mental dysfunction.
Common approaches include drug therapy, electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), and psychosurgery.
Psychotropic Medications: Categories include anti-anxiety, anti-depressant, anti-bipolar, and anti-psychotic drugs.

Psychosurgery Techniques

Lobotomy: Involves severing connections in the frontal lobe.
Cingulotomy: Targets specific brain fibers to treat severe OCD or depression.

Developmental Stages (Freud)

Oral: 0-18 months.
Anal: 18 months-3 years.
Phallic: 3-5 years.
Latency: 5-12 years.
Genital: 12 years-adulthood.

Psychoanalytic Therapy

Psychodynamic Therapies: Focus on uncovering past trauma; techniques like free association and transference play a significant role.
Free Association: Patients express thoughts freely, revealing unconscious processes.
Transference: Patients project feelings from past relationships onto the therapist.

Learning Theories

Operant Conditioning: Behavior is modified by its consequences; positive outcomes strengthen behavior, while negative results weaken it.
Observational Learning: Learning is achieved through imitation of others, without direct reinforcement.
Classical Conditioning: Involves creating associations between two stimuli, leading to conditioned responses (e.g., Pavlov's dogs).

Cognitive Models and Therapies

Cognitive Therapy: Addresses faulty thinking patterns, promoting recognition and change of irrational beliefs.
Cognitive Model: Founded by Abert Ellis and Aaron Beck, it links symptoms to malfunctional thoughts.

Humanistic and Existential Models

Humanistic Model: Focuses on self-actualization and individual worth, emphasizing positive self-regard.
Existential Model: Addresses personal responsibility and authenticity in life choices.
Humanistic Therapy: Client-centered approach emphasizing empathy and acceptance.
Gestalt Therapy: Promotes self-acceptance through techniques like the empty chair method.

Family and Sociocultural Theories

Family Systems Theory: Considers family dynamics as crucial to understanding abnormal behavior.
Sociocultural Therapy: Examines the effects of family structure and communication on mental health, incorporating family and group therapies.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Description

Test your knowledge of the hindbrain, midbrain, and forebrain with this set of flashcards. Each card includes key terms and definitions essential for understanding brain structures relevant to Abnormal Psychology. Perfect for study preparation and quick revision.