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Questions and Answers
What includes the medulla, pons, and cerebellum?
What includes the medulla, pons, and cerebellum?
What part of the brain controls movement?
What part of the brain controls movement?
Cerebellum
What part of the brain controls sleep and arousal?
What part of the brain controls sleep and arousal?
Pons
What connects higher and lower regions of the brain?
What connects higher and lower regions of the brain?
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What includes the cerebrum, thalamus, hypothalamus, and cortex?
What includes the cerebrum, thalamus, hypothalamus, and cortex?
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What part of the brain divides the hemispheres?
What part of the brain divides the hemispheres?
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What part of the brain controls the relay between the senses?
What part of the brain controls the relay between the senses?
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What part of the brain regulates the endocrine system and hunger?
What part of the brain regulates the endocrine system and hunger?
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What part of the brain is associated with emotions and memory?
What part of the brain is associated with emotions and memory?
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An impulse is received at a neuron's _____
An impulse is received at a neuron's _____
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What part of the neuron transmits impulses to other neurons?
What part of the neuron transmits impulses to other neurons?
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The space between neurons is called a _____
The space between neurons is called a _____
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What chemical is released when an electrical impulse reaches a nerve ending?
What chemical is released when an electrical impulse reaches a nerve ending?
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What motivates individuals to satisfy basic, pleasurable impulses in Freud's theory?
What motivates individuals to satisfy basic, pleasurable impulses in Freud's theory?
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What is the reality principle in Freud's theory?
What is the reality principle in Freud's theory?
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What grows from the ego in Freud's theory?
What grows from the ego in Freud's theory?
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What is known as sexual energy in Freud's theory?
What is known as sexual energy in Freud's theory?
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What part of the brain controls heart rate, breathing, and digestion?
What part of the brain controls heart rate, breathing, and digestion?
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What is the basic unit of the nervous system that transmits information?
What is the basic unit of the nervous system that transmits information?
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What distorts reality to control unacceptable id impulses?
What distorts reality to control unacceptable id impulses?
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What is the act of pushing unacceptable thoughts into the unconscious mind?
What is the act of pushing unacceptable thoughts into the unconscious mind?
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What is the attribution of unacceptable impulses to others?
What is the attribution of unacceptable impulses to others?
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What is the return to a less mature behavior to reduce anxiety?
What is the return to a less mature behavior to reduce anxiety?
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What is expressing the opposite of disturbing ideas called?
What is expressing the opposite of disturbing ideas called?
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What types of treatments attempt to pinpoint physical sources of dysfunction?
What types of treatments attempt to pinpoint physical sources of dysfunction?
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What group of drugs includes anti-anxiety, anti-depressant, anti-bipolar, and anti-psychotic drugs?
What group of drugs includes anti-anxiety, anti-depressant, anti-bipolar, and anti-psychotic drugs?
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What are tranquilizers like Valium called?
What are tranquilizers like Valium called?
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Which anti-depressant drugs are commonly known?
Which anti-depressant drugs are commonly known?
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What are mood stabilizers such as Lithium known as?
What are mood stabilizers such as Lithium known as?
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What are drugs like Risperdal and Haldol used for?
What are drugs like Risperdal and Haldol used for?
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What is another name for electroshock therapy?
What is another name for electroshock therapy?
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What involves the passage of an electrical current through the brain to produce a seizure?
What involves the passage of an electrical current through the brain to produce a seizure?
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What type of surgery is used for mental disorders?
What type of surgery is used for mental disorders?
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What surgery cuts fibers to the frontal lobe of the brain?
What surgery cuts fibers to the frontal lobe of the brain?
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What surgery inserts an electrode needle through small holes in the skull?
What surgery inserts an electrode needle through small holes in the skull?
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According to Freud, the five developmental stages include Oral, Anal, Phallic, Latency, and _____
According to Freud, the five developmental stages include Oral, Anal, Phallic, Latency, and _____
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What is the name of development from 0 to 18 months?
What is the name of development from 0 to 18 months?
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What is the name of development from 18 months to 3 years?
What is the name of development from 18 months to 3 years?
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What is the name of development from 3 years to 5 years?
What is the name of development from 3 years to 5 years?
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What is the name of development from 5 years to 12 years?
What is the name of development from 5 years to 12 years?
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What is the name of development from 12 years to adulthood?
What is the name of development from 12 years to adulthood?
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What is known as the Oedipal Complex?
What is known as the Oedipal Complex?
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What involves conflict during the phallic stage for girls?
What involves conflict during the phallic stage for girls?
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What therapies range from Freudian analysis to more modern approaches?
What therapies range from Freudian analysis to more modern approaches?
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What psychodynamic therapy involves saying whatever comes to mind?
What psychodynamic therapy involves saying whatever comes to mind?
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What defense mechanism involves blocking during free association?
What defense mechanism involves blocking during free association?
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What term refers to when a patient acts out their relationships towards the therapist?
What term refers to when a patient acts out their relationships towards the therapist?
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What describes the psychological release from reliving emotionally charged conflicts?
What describes the psychological release from reliving emotionally charged conflicts?
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What type of learning occurs due to consequences such as rewards?
What type of learning occurs due to consequences such as rewards?
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What happens to behaviors followed by positive outcomes in operant conditioning?
What happens to behaviors followed by positive outcomes in operant conditioning?
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What happens to behaviors followed by negative outcomes in operant conditioning?
What happens to behaviors followed by negative outcomes in operant conditioning?
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What type of learning involves modeling or imitating?
What type of learning involves modeling or imitating?
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What describes the temporal association in classical conditioning?
What describes the temporal association in classical conditioning?
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Who studied classical conditioning using a dog experiment?
Who studied classical conditioning using a dog experiment?
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What is the unconditioned response (UR) in Pavlov's experiment?
What is the unconditioned response (UR) in Pavlov's experiment?
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What is the conditioned response (CR) in Pavlov's experiment?
What is the conditioned response (CR) in Pavlov's experiment?
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What is known as the unconditioned stimulus (US) in Pavlov's experiment?
What is known as the unconditioned stimulus (US) in Pavlov's experiment?
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What is known as the conditioned stimulus (CS) in Pavlov's experiment?
What is known as the conditioned stimulus (CS) in Pavlov's experiment?
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What classical conditioning treatment changes abnormal reactions to stimuli?
What classical conditioning treatment changes abnormal reactions to stimuli?
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Who are the founders of the cognitive model?
Who are the founders of the cognitive model?
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What does the faulty thinking process include?
What does the faulty thinking process include?
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What therapy helps patients recognize and change faulty thinking?
What therapy helps patients recognize and change faulty thinking?
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What model emphasizes the uniqueness of human consciousness?
What model emphasizes the uniqueness of human consciousness?
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What term refers to the acknowledgment of self-actualization in humanistic psychology?
What term refers to the acknowledgment of self-actualization in humanistic psychology?
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What concept in existential psychology pertains to hiding from life's responsibilities?
What concept in existential psychology pertains to hiding from life's responsibilities?
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What therapy is based on Carl Rogers' theory?
What therapy is based on Carl Rogers' theory?
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What therapy is based on Fritz Perls' theory?
What therapy is based on Fritz Perls' theory?
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What therapy teaches acceptance of responsibility and living with greater meaning?
What therapy teaches acceptance of responsibility and living with greater meaning?
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What theory posits that abnormal functioning within a family leads to abnormal behavior?
What theory posits that abnormal functioning within a family leads to abnormal behavior?
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What therapy is focused on family structure and communication?
What therapy is focused on family structure and communication?
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Study Notes
Neuroanatomy and Function
- Hindbrain: Comprises the medulla, pons, and cerebellum; critical for basic life functions.
- Cerebellum: Manages motor control and coordination.
- Pons: Regulates sleep patterns and arousal.
- Midbrain: Contains fibers that connect higher brain regions to lower ones.
- Forebrain: Includes essential structures like the cerebrum, thalamus, hypothalamus, and cortex.
- Corpus Callosum: Connects and divides the brain's two hemispheres.
- Thalamus: Acts as the sensory relay center.
- Hypothalamus: Controls the endocrine system and regulates physiological drives such as hunger and thirst.
- Hippocampus: Involved in emotions and memory formation.
Neurons and Communication
- Dendrites: Receive impulses from other neurons.
- Axon: Transmits neural impulses away from the neuron body.
- Synapse: The gap where communication between neurons occurs.
- Neurotransmitter(s): Chemicals that communicate signals between neurons, influencing their action.
Freudian Concepts
- Id: Represents basic instincts and pleasure-seeking drives; unconscious in nature.
- Ego: Mediates between the id's desires and reality, partly unconscious.
- Superego: Conscience aspect shaped by parental values and societal norms, integrating conscious and unconscious elements.
- Libido: Refers to sexual energy driving the id's impulses.
Defense Mechanisms
- Repression: Unconscious blocking of unacceptable thoughts.
- Projection: Attributing one's own unacceptable impulses to others.
- Regression: Reverting to earlier behavior patterns to cope with anxiety.
- Reaction Formation: Expressing the opposite of disturbing thoughts or feelings.
Biological Treatments
- Aim to identify and treat physical causes of mental dysfunction.
- Common approaches include drug therapy, electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), and psychosurgery.
- Psychotropic Medications: Categories include anti-anxiety, anti-depressant, anti-bipolar, and anti-psychotic drugs.
Psychosurgery Techniques
- Lobotomy: Involves severing connections in the frontal lobe.
- Cingulotomy: Targets specific brain fibers to treat severe OCD or depression.
Developmental Stages (Freud)
- Oral: 0-18 months.
- Anal: 18 months-3 years.
- Phallic: 3-5 years.
- Latency: 5-12 years.
- Genital: 12 years-adulthood.
Psychoanalytic Therapy
- Psychodynamic Therapies: Focus on uncovering past trauma; techniques like free association and transference play a significant role.
- Free Association: Patients express thoughts freely, revealing unconscious processes.
- Transference: Patients project feelings from past relationships onto the therapist.
Learning Theories
- Operant Conditioning: Behavior is modified by its consequences; positive outcomes strengthen behavior, while negative results weaken it.
- Observational Learning: Learning is achieved through imitation of others, without direct reinforcement.
- Classical Conditioning: Involves creating associations between two stimuli, leading to conditioned responses (e.g., Pavlov's dogs).
Cognitive Models and Therapies
- Cognitive Therapy: Addresses faulty thinking patterns, promoting recognition and change of irrational beliefs.
- Cognitive Model: Founded by Abert Ellis and Aaron Beck, it links symptoms to malfunctional thoughts.
Humanistic and Existential Models
- Humanistic Model: Focuses on self-actualization and individual worth, emphasizing positive self-regard.
- Existential Model: Addresses personal responsibility and authenticity in life choices.
- Humanistic Therapy: Client-centered approach emphasizing empathy and acceptance.
- Gestalt Therapy: Promotes self-acceptance through techniques like the empty chair method.
Family and Sociocultural Theories
- Family Systems Theory: Considers family dynamics as crucial to understanding abnormal behavior.
- Sociocultural Therapy: Examines the effects of family structure and communication on mental health, incorporating family and group therapies.
Studying That Suits You
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Description
Test your knowledge of the hindbrain, midbrain, and forebrain with this set of flashcards. Each card includes key terms and definitions essential for understanding brain structures relevant to Abnormal Psychology. Perfect for study preparation and quick revision.
