24 Questions
What is the main function of the vestibular system?
To maintain posture and balance
Where is the vestibular apparatus located?
In the petrous part of the temporal bone
What is the composition of endolymph?
High K, low Na
What is the function of the kinocilium in hair cells?
To determine the axis of polarity
What is the function of the cupula in the ampulla?
To detect rotational movements
What is the function of the righting reflex?
To help regain balance after a fall
What is the function of the primary afferent fibre?
To transmit signals from hair cells to the brain
What is the main difference between the perilymph and endolymph?
The perilymph has high Na and low K, while the endolymph has high K and low Na
What is the direction of the axis of polarity of hair cells in the horizontal semicircular duct?
Towards the utricle
How do hair cells in the ampulla respond to angular acceleration?
Depolarization in one direction and hyperpolarization in the other
What is the composition of otoconia?
Crystals of calcium carbonate
What is the function of the macula in the utricle?
To detect static head position and linear acceleration
Why can the utricle respond to tilt or linear acceleration in many directions?
Because all cilia of hair cells point towards a curving landmark
What is the difference between the utricle and the saccule?
The utricle is oriented horizontally, while the saccule is oriented vertically
What is the orientation of the cilia of hair cells in the saccule relative to the striola?
They point away from the striola
What is the response of hair cells in the utricle to tilt in any direction?
Depolarization of some cells and hyperpolarization of others
What is the main function of the vestibulo-ocular reflex?
Synchronize eye movements with head movements
Which nerve is known to form a tumor referred to as an acoustic neuroma?
Vestibulocochlear nerve (cVIII)
Which condition is characterized by the dislodgement of otoconia from the utricle?
Benign Positional Vertigo
Which area does the cVIII nerve join at the brain stem?
Cerebellopontine angle
Which nuclei are responsible for coordinating head movements with eye movements?
Vestibular
What symptom is not associated with Ménière’s Disease?
Increased muscle reflexes
Which tract is involved in coordinating extensor and flexor muscles to maintain balance?
Vestibulospinal tract
Which nerve is not involved with central connections in the vestibular system?
Median nerve
This quiz covers the sensory inputs, anatomy, and functioning of the vestibular apparatus, including hair cells and their response to movement in semicircular canals and otolithic organs.
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