23 Questions
Which layer of blood vessels is mainly composed of smooth muscle and supported by connective tissue?
Tunica media
What is the function of vasa vasorum in blood vessels?
Deliver nutrients to large vessels' cells
Which feature of arteries helps in maintaining blood pressure?
Thick walls
What is the distinct layer of elastic fibers that connects the tunica media in larger arteries?
Internal elastic membrane
What process decreases blood flow and increases blood pressure in blood vessels?
Vasoconstriction
Which tunic of blood vessels is mainly composed of collagenous fibers and some smooth muscle, serving to hold the vessel in position?
Tunica externa
What is the primary function of venules in the circulatory system?
To connect capillaries to veins
Why do veins have valves?
To prevent backflow of blood
What is the role of venules and capillaries in diapedesis?
Allowing white blood cells to exit the bloodstream
Which component of blood pressure represents the pressure during ventricular relaxation?
Diastolic pressure
What does a high pulse pressure after strenuous exercise indicate?
Normal physiological response
How is mean arterial pressure (MAP) calculated?
(Systolic pressure + diastolic pressure) / 2
What is the main function of arteries in the circulatory system?
Carry blood away from the heart
Which type of artery has a diameter ranging from 0.1mm to 10mm?
Muscular artery
What is the main characteristic of arterioles in the circulatory system?
Slow down blood flow to decrease blood pressure
What distinguishes fenestrated capillaries from continuous capillaries?
Permeable to larger molecules
What is the purpose of precapillary sphincters in the circulatory system?
Allow blood flow into a capillary bed
What would happen if all precapillary sphincters were continuously open in the body?
Every drop of blood would be in a capillary bed
What is the effect of an increase in cardiac output on blood pressure and blood flow?
Increase in both blood pressure and blood flow
How does the compliance of arteries affect blood pressure and blood flow?
Decreased compliance leads to increased blood pressure and decreased blood flow
What is the impact of hypovolemia (low blood volume) on blood pressure?
Decrease in blood pressure
How do narrower and longer vessels affect resistance, flow, and pressure?
Increase resistance, decrease flow, increase pressure
Where is the correct placement for a cuff when measuring blood pressure with a sphygmomanometer?
Around the arm at the level of the heart
Test your knowledge on venules, veins, blood flow, blood pressure, and resistance in the venous system. Topics include formation of venules from capillaries, the role of veins in returning blood to the heart, functions of valves in veins, and the concept of venous reserve in specific body parts.
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