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Which muscles are primarily responsible for inspiration (inhalation)?
Which muscles are primarily responsible for inspiration (inhalation)?
What is the function of negative intrathoracic pressure in respiration?
What is the function of negative intrathoracic pressure in respiration?
What is the volume of air inspired and expired during one breath called?
What is the volume of air inspired and expired during one breath called?
Where does the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide take place in the lungs?
Where does the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide take place in the lungs?
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What are the two main systems that control breathing?
What are the two main systems that control breathing?
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What happens when there is an increase in carbon dioxide levels?
What happens when there is an increase in carbon dioxide levels?
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What is the primary function of the respiratory system?
What is the primary function of the respiratory system?
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What are the secondary functions of the respiratory system?
What are the secondary functions of the respiratory system?
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How does oxygen diffuse from the alveoli into the blood?
How does oxygen diffuse from the alveoli into the blood?
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What are the fibrous connective tissue bands that vibrate as air passes over them, producing sound?
What are the fibrous connective tissue bands that vibrate as air passes over them, producing sound?
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Which muscles are responsible for expiration (exhalation)?
Which muscles are responsible for expiration (exhalation)?
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What is the term used to describe the volume of air left in the lungs after maximum expiration?
What is the term used to describe the volume of air left in the lungs after maximum expiration?
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Where does the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide take place in the lungs?
Where does the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide take place in the lungs?
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What is the function of the pulmonary circulation?
What is the function of the pulmonary circulation?
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What is the primary function of the respiratory system?
What is the primary function of the respiratory system?
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What controls the rate and depth of respiration?
What controls the rate and depth of respiration?
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What is the term used to describe the volume of air inspired and expired during one minute?
What is the term used to describe the volume of air inspired and expired during one minute?
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A slight lowering of the oxygen levels in the blood can result in a condition called;
A slight lowering of the oxygen levels in the blood can result in a condition called;
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A slight lowering of the oxygen levels in the blood can result in a condition called hypoxia & the RC will
A slight lowering of the oxygen levels in the blood can result in a condition called hypoxia & the RC will
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If oxygen levels drop too low the RC neurons become
If oxygen levels drop too low the RC neurons become
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Pressure within the thorax is positive with respect to the atmospheric pressure
Pressure within the thorax is positive with respect to the atmospheric pressure
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Pressure within the thorax is negative with respect to the atmospheric pressure
Pressure within the thorax is negative with respect to the atmospheric pressure
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Pleural fluid acts as a
Pleural fluid acts as a
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The lungs passively follow movements of the
The lungs passively follow movements of the
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Two fibrous connective tissue bands (vocal folds) stretch across the _________ __ ___ ________and vibrate as air passes over them producing sound
Two fibrous connective tissue bands (vocal folds) stretch across the _________ __ ___ ________and vibrate as air passes over them producing sound
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Breathing is controlled by the __________ __________ area in the medulla oblongata of the __________ (add a comma after the first two words)
Breathing is controlled by the __________ __________ area in the medulla oblongata of the __________ (add a comma after the first two words)
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Respiration requires _________ movement of _____ into and out of the _______ (add comma after each answer)
Respiration requires _________ movement of _____ into and out of the _______ (add comma after each answer)
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Respiration requires appropriate _______ and __________ to meet the body's need for ___________ at any given time (add comma after each answer)
Respiration requires appropriate _______ and __________ to meet the body's need for ___________ at any given time (add comma after each answer)
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Mechanical system involves
Mechanical system involves
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Chemical system involves
Chemical system involves
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What warms inhaled air
What warms inhaled air
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How does panting cool blood
How does panting cool blood
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Where are the receptors for smell
Where are the receptors for smell
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How does the respiratory system maintain Acid-base balance
How does the respiratory system maintain Acid-base balance
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The pulmonary artery to the lungs _______________________
The pulmonary artery to the lungs _______________________
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After the pulmonary artery to the lungs divides into left and right arteries the blood vessels
After the pulmonary artery to the lungs divides into left and right arteries the blood vessels
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At the capillary level there is a network of capillaries around the alveoli where
At the capillary level there is a network of capillaries around the alveoli where
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At the capillary level there is a ________ ___ ________ around the alveoli where exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide take place
At the capillary level there is a ________ ___ ________ around the alveoli where exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide take place
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Muscles used for respiration are
Muscles used for respiration are
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Breathing requires conscious effort
Breathing requires conscious effort
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Oxygen rich blood enters the pulmonary venules which
Oxygen rich blood enters the pulmonary venules which
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Pulmonary veins carry oxygen-rich blood to the left atrium and then
Pulmonary veins carry oxygen-rich blood to the left atrium and then
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Pulmonary veins carry oxygen-enriched blood to the Left Atrium through the left AV valve to the Left ventricle and out through the aorta and to the systemic circulation to supply the body w/ oxygen for internal respiration
Pulmonary veins carry oxygen-enriched blood to the Left Atrium through the left AV valve to the Left ventricle and out through the aorta and to the systemic circulation to supply the body w/ oxygen for internal respiration
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Pulmonary veins carry oxygen-enriched blood to the Left Atrium through the left AV valve to the Left ventricle and out through the aorta and to the systemic circulation to supply the body w/ oxygen for external respiration
Pulmonary veins carry oxygen-enriched blood to the Left Atrium through the left AV valve to the Left ventricle and out through the aorta and to the systemic circulation to supply the body w/ oxygen for external respiration
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If there is an imbalance
If there is an imbalance
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Air in the alveoli of the lungs is ________________________________ blood in the capillaries around the alveolar sacs
Air in the alveoli of the lungs is ________________________________ blood in the capillaries around the alveolar sacs
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Why does oxygen diffuse across the alveolar and capillary walls into the blood where oxygen concentration is low
Why does oxygen diffuse across the alveolar and capillary walls into the blood where oxygen concentration is low
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Because oxygen levels in the alveoli level are high
Because oxygen levels in the alveoli level are high
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Respiration requires appropriate _______ and __________ to meet the body's need for ___________ at any given time (add comma after each answer)
Respiration requires appropriate _______ and __________ to meet the body's need for ___________ at any given time (add comma after each answer)
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Respiration requires _________ movement of _____ into and out of the _______ (add comma after each answer)
Respiration requires _________ movement of _____ into and out of the _______ (add comma after each answer)
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Two fibrous connective tissue bands (vocal folds) stretch across the _______________ and vibrate as air passes over them producing sound
Two fibrous connective tissue bands (vocal folds) stretch across the _______________ and vibrate as air passes over them producing sound
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Study Notes
Muscles Involved in Respiration
- Diaphragm and intercostal muscles are primarily responsible for inspiration (inhalation).
- Abdominal muscles and internal intercostal muscles are responsible for expiration (exhalation).
Respiratory Mechanics
- Negative intrathoracic pressure facilitates drawing air into the lungs during inhalation.
- The volume of air inspired and expired during one breath is termed tidal volume.
Gas Exchange in the Lungs
- Oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange occurs in the alveoli due to diffusion across the alveolar and capillary walls.
Regulation of Breathing
- Control of breathing is managed by two main systems: neurological (medulla oblongata) and chemical regulation (chemoreceptors).
- An increase in carbon dioxide levels signals the body to increase the rate and depth of respiration.
Functions of the Respiratory System
- Primary function is to facilitate gas exchange (oxygen intake and carbon dioxide removal).
- Secondary functions include phonation (sound production), olfaction (smell), and maintaining acid-base balance.
Oxygen Transport Mechanism
- Oxygen diffuses from high concentration in the alveoli to lower concentration in the blood of the surrounding capillaries.
Sound Production
- Vocal folds, or vocal cords, are fibrous connective tissue bands that vibrate as air passes over them, producing sound.
Residual Volume
- The volume of air remaining in the lungs after maximum expiration is referred to as residual volume.
Pulmonary Circulation
- The pulmonary artery transports deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs for oxygenation.
- After dividing into left and right pulmonary arteries, blood flows to the capillary networks surrounding alveoli.
Respiratory Control Centers
- Breathing is regulated by the respiratory control area located in the medulla oblongata.
- Rate and depth of respiration are modified based on the body’s current oxygen and carbon dioxide needs.
Alveoli and Capillary Interaction
- At the capillary level, there is a dense network around alveoli for efficient gas exchange.
- Gas in alveoli has a higher oxygen concentration compared to blood in capillaries, promoting diffusion.
Impact of Oxygen Levels
- Slight decreases in oxygen levels can lead to hypoxia, a state where tissue does not receive enough oxygen.
- Proper respiratory and metabolic adjustments are needed to maintain adequate oxygen levels for cellular functions.
Thermal Regulation and Smell
- Inhaled air is warmed through the respiratory tract, aiding in temperature regulation.
- Receptors for smell are located in the nasal cavity.
Acid-Base Homeostasis
- The respiratory system plays a crucial role in maintaining acid-base balance by regulating carbon dioxide levels in the blood.
Summary of Blood Flow
- Oxygen-rich blood after passing through the pulmonary venules enters the left atrium, then flows to the left ventricle, and is pumped via the aorta into systemic circulation for internal respiration.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the mechanics of respiration, negative intrathoracic pressure, respiratory volume measurement, pulmonary circulation, gas diffusion at the alveolar level, breathing control mechanisms, and secondary functions of the respiratory system in this quiz.
