Podcast
Questions and Answers
What type of waves are characteristic of alert waking activity and are characterized by sleep spindles on an EEG?
What type of waves are characteristic of alert waking activity and are characterized by sleep spindles on an EEG?
- Theta waves
- Beta waves (correct)
- Alpha waves
- Delta waves
Which type of waves are associated with sleep onset and light sleep (N1) on an EEG?
Which type of waves are associated with sleep onset and light sleep (N1) on an EEG?
- Delta waves
- Theta waves (correct)
- Alpha waves
- Beta waves
What is the key characteristic of N2 sleep on an EEG?
What is the key characteristic of N2 sleep on an EEG?
- Presence of alpha waves
- Presence of delta waves
- Presence of K-complexes (correct)
- High amplitude but low frequency waves
Which theory argues that sleep keeps us safe from predators?
Which theory argues that sleep keeps us safe from predators?
Which theory suggests that sleep is designed to restore the body of things that build up during the day?
Which theory suggests that sleep is designed to restore the body of things that build up during the day?
Which theory struggles to explain why humans need sleep, as humans have the capacity for relaxed wakefulness?
Which theory struggles to explain why humans need sleep, as humans have the capacity for relaxed wakefulness?
What is the typical duration of sleep needed by humans?
What is the typical duration of sleep needed by humans?
What is the characteristic of beta waves on an EEG?
What is the characteristic of beta waves on an EEG?
When do sleep spindles occur?
When do sleep spindles occur?
What helps to stage REM sleep by looking at body movement on an EEG?
What helps to stage REM sleep by looking at body movement on an EEG?
What are common issues that result from inadequate sleep?
What are common issues that result from inadequate sleep?
What does sleep look like over the night?
What does sleep look like over the night?
What are the different measures of a polysomnography?
What are the different measures of a polysomnography?
What are some subjective ways of measuring sleep?
What are some subjective ways of measuring sleep?
What are the primary functions of N3 - deep sleep?
What are the primary functions of N3 - deep sleep?
What is the typical duration of one sleep cycle?
What is the typical duration of one sleep cycle?
What is the role of REM sleep?
What is the role of REM sleep?
What did early work on wake prompting systems find?
What did early work on wake prompting systems find?
What is the thalamocortical loop?
What is the thalamocortical loop?
What is the ascending (reticular) activation system?
What is the ascending (reticular) activation system?
What is the orexinergic system?
What is the orexinergic system?
What causes narcolepsy?
What causes narcolepsy?
What else does orexin control?
What else does orexin control?
What part of the brain is associated with slow wave sleep?
What part of the brain is associated with slow wave sleep?
Which neurotransmitter is NOT part of the ascending (reticular) activation system?
Which neurotransmitter is NOT part of the ascending (reticular) activation system?
What is the role of the thalamus in the thalamocortical loop?
What is the role of the thalamus in the thalamocortical loop?
What is the primary function of the midbrain reticular formation?
What is the primary function of the midbrain reticular formation?
What is the main function of the ventro-lateral preoptic area (VLPO) in the brain?
What is the main function of the ventro-lateral preoptic area (VLPO) in the brain?
What is the synaptic homeostasis hypothesis?
What is the synaptic homeostasis hypothesis?
Who first described the ascending reticular activating system?
Who first described the ascending reticular activating system?
Where do cholinergic neurons originate from in the brain?
Where do cholinergic neurons originate from in the brain?
Where do monoaminergic neurons project to in the brain?
Where do monoaminergic neurons project to in the brain?
Where do monoaminergic neurons come from in the brain?
Where do monoaminergic neurons come from in the brain?
What is the primary role of the median preoptic nucleus (MnPO) in the brain?
What is the primary role of the median preoptic nucleus (MnPO) in the brain?
What are the main functions of the parafacial zone (PFZ) in the brain?
What are the main functions of the parafacial zone (PFZ) in the brain?
What is the known function of orexin in the brain?
What is the known function of orexin in the brain?
What is the meaning of Zeitgeber in the context of circadian rhythm?
What is the meaning of Zeitgeber in the context of circadian rhythm?
What is the difference between phase delay and phase advance in relation to circadian rhythm?
What is the difference between phase delay and phase advance in relation to circadian rhythm?
What is the significance of Circadian Time (CT) in the context of circadian rhythm?
What is the significance of Circadian Time (CT) in the context of circadian rhythm?
What are some non-photic causes of phase shifting in circadian rhythm?
What are some non-photic causes of phase shifting in circadian rhythm?
Which gender has a longer intrinsic period in relation to circadian rhythm?
Which gender has a longer intrinsic period in relation to circadian rhythm?
What does the term 'phase angle' refer to in the context of circadian rhythm?
What does the term 'phase angle' refer to in the context of circadian rhythm?
What is the effect of being on a light cycle on the internal clock in circadian rhythm?
What is the effect of being on a light cycle on the internal clock in circadian rhythm?
What is the 'free running' period of the circadian clock?
What is the 'free running' period of the circadian clock?
What does phase shift refer to in the context of circadian rhythms?
What does phase shift refer to in the context of circadian rhythms?
What is the role of zeitgebers in regulating circadian rhythms?
What is the role of zeitgebers in regulating circadian rhythms?
What is the significance of phase angle in circadian biology?
What is the significance of phase angle in circadian biology?
What is the role of tau in the context of circadian rhythms?
What is the role of tau in the context of circadian rhythms?
Where does melanopsin sit in the eye?
Where does melanopsin sit in the eye?
What are eclosion rhythms related to?
What are eclosion rhythms related to?
What is the core clock in mammals?
What is the core clock in mammals?
How do we know the SCN is the clock in mammals?
How do we know the SCN is the clock in mammals?
What is the function of melanopsin in the circadian system?
What is the function of melanopsin in the circadian system?
What happens when a SCN is transplanted into an arrhythmic animal?
What happens when a SCN is transplanted into an arrhythmic animal?
At what age do toddlers typically experience a drop in sleep duration compared to infancy?
At what age do toddlers typically experience a drop in sleep duration compared to infancy?
What sleep architecture starts to resemble adults at around 4/5 years of age?
What sleep architecture starts to resemble adults at around 4/5 years of age?
What is associated with reduced slow wave sleep in older age?
What is associated with reduced slow wave sleep in older age?
At what age does diurnal preference start to develop?
At what age does diurnal preference start to develop?
What characterizes quiet sleep in foetal sleep?
What characterizes quiet sleep in foetal sleep?
What is the precursor to REM sleep in foetal sleep?
What is the precursor to REM sleep in foetal sleep?
At what age do newborns start to experience day/night entrainment?
At what age do newborns start to experience day/night entrainment?
At what age do sleep spindles and K-complexes typically develop in newborns?
At what age do sleep spindles and K-complexes typically develop in newborns?
What is the expected sleep duration for newborns?
What is the expected sleep duration for newborns?
At what age do toddlers typically drop their daytime nap?
At what age do toddlers typically drop their daytime nap?
What is the primary sleep issue commonly experienced by children between 4-10 years of age?
What is the primary sleep issue commonly experienced by children between 4-10 years of age?
How is delayed phase sleep disorder diagnosed?
How is delayed phase sleep disorder diagnosed?
What is non-24 hour sleep wake disorder characterized by?
What is non-24 hour sleep wake disorder characterized by?
What is acrophase in the context of circadian rhythms?
What is acrophase in the context of circadian rhythms?
How is DLMO (Dim light melatonin onset) used?
How is DLMO (Dim light melatonin onset) used?
What is the primary characteristic of shift work disorder?
What is the primary characteristic of shift work disorder?
What is the significance of measuring melatonin?
What is the significance of measuring melatonin?
What is the typical duration of sleep needed by humans?
What is the typical duration of sleep needed by humans?
What percentage of people in Australia have sleep complaints?
What percentage of people in Australia have sleep complaints?
What is a protective factor for sleep issues before bed?
What is a protective factor for sleep issues before bed?
What results in increases in sleep latency?
What results in increases in sleep latency?
Who is a particularly vulnerable population to sleep disturbances?
Who is a particularly vulnerable population to sleep disturbances?
What sleep efficiency percentage is considered good?
What sleep efficiency percentage is considered good?
Which population has highly variable sleep?
Which population has highly variable sleep?
How common is insomnia?
How common is insomnia?
What are the components considered in CBT-I?
What are the components considered in CBT-I?
What is a risk factor for sleep issues before bed?
What is a risk factor for sleep issues before bed?
What is a common protective factor for sleep issues before bed?
What is a common protective factor for sleep issues before bed?
Which factor is associated with an increase in mortality, especially in terms of cardiometabolic activity?
Which factor is associated with an increase in mortality, especially in terms of cardiometabolic activity?
What hormonal signal is lower when individuals get less sleep, impacting their ability to feel satiated?
What hormonal signal is lower when individuals get less sleep, impacting their ability to feel satiated?
What is the primary impact of sleep restriction on glucose tolerance?
What is the primary impact of sleep restriction on glucose tolerance?
What determines an individual's ability to sleep according to circadian time?
What determines an individual's ability to sleep according to circadian time?
What is the primary association between sleep duration and BMI?
What is the primary association between sleep duration and BMI?
What is the impact of light at night on glucose tolerance?
What is the impact of light at night on glucose tolerance?
What is the primary function of the sleep/wake homeostat?
What is the primary function of the sleep/wake homeostat?
What happens when an individual goes to bed a few hours earlier or later than their circadian clock dictates?
What happens when an individual goes to bed a few hours earlier or later than their circadian clock dictates?
What is a potential consequence of circadian misalignment?
What is a potential consequence of circadian misalignment?
What effect does light exposure have on melatonin and cancer risk?
What effect does light exposure have on melatonin and cancer risk?
What is the impact of shift work on cancer risk, according to the text?
What is the impact of shift work on cancer risk, according to the text?
What is the relationship between circadian rhythm disturbance and cardiovascular disease?
What is the relationship between circadian rhythm disturbance and cardiovascular disease?
How does light sensitivity differ in bipolar disorder and depression?
How does light sensitivity differ in bipolar disorder and depression?
What is the impact of SSRIs on light sensitivity in individuals with depression?
What is the impact of SSRIs on light sensitivity in individuals with depression?
When are heart attacks most common, according to the text?
When are heart attacks most common, according to the text?
What is the impact of circadian phase on seasonal affective disorder (SAD) severity?
What is the impact of circadian phase on seasonal affective disorder (SAD) severity?
What is the impact of delayed melatonin secretion on Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) symptoms?
What is the impact of delayed melatonin secretion on Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) symptoms?
What is the term for the sleep pattern of having one sleep period per day?
What is the term for the sleep pattern of having one sleep period per day?
What distinguishes human sleep from that of other mammals?
What distinguishes human sleep from that of other mammals?
What is the evolutionary advantage of sentinel behavior?
What is the evolutionary advantage of sentinel behavior?
What does the evidence against segmented sleep suggest?
What does the evidence against segmented sleep suggest?
What is the term for animals that are active primarily during the night?
What is the term for animals that are active primarily during the night?
What is the term for animals that are active primarily during the day?
What is the term for animals that are active primarily during the day?
What is the term for animals that are active primarily during twilight?
What is the term for animals that are active primarily during twilight?
What type of sleep pattern is not suited to human adults according to the text?
What type of sleep pattern is not suited to human adults according to the text?
What type of light exposure has a larger impact on the circadian system according to the text?
What type of light exposure has a larger impact on the circadian system according to the text?
What has enabled humans to reshape sleep patterns at will according to the text?
What has enabled humans to reshape sleep patterns at will according to the text?
What does spending less time outdoors in sunshine and brighter light at night lead to according to the text?
What does spending less time outdoors in sunshine and brighter light at night lead to according to the text?
What is the primary impact of white LEDs on the circadian system according to the text?
What is the primary impact of white LEDs on the circadian system according to the text?
What was used by prehistoric humans to see at night, which did not disrupt sleep as much according to the text?
What was used by prehistoric humans to see at night, which did not disrupt sleep as much according to the text?
What type of sleep pattern do humans almost always favor in lab settings according to the text?
What type of sleep pattern do humans almost always favor in lab settings according to the text?
What is not adapted to the reshaped sleep patterns enabled by electricity according to the text?
What is not adapted to the reshaped sleep patterns enabled by electricity according to the text?
What is a characteristic of rapid entry to REM sleep according to the text?
What is a characteristic of rapid entry to REM sleep according to the text?
What is sleep insufficiency defined as?
What is sleep insufficiency defined as?
What cognitive domains does sleep loss affect?
What cognitive domains does sleep loss affect?
What is the definition of alertness?
What is the definition of alertness?
What are some determining factors of alertness?
What are some determining factors of alertness?
What is a common subjective measure of alertness?
What is a common subjective measure of alertness?
What are objective measures of alertness?
What are objective measures of alertness?
What percentage of Australians report suffering from insufficient sleep?
What percentage of Australians report suffering from insufficient sleep?
What is the most common subjective measure of alertness?
What is the most common subjective measure of alertness?
What is the primary impact of sleep insufficiency?
What is the primary impact of sleep insufficiency?
What are potential work-related issues resulting from sleep insufficiency?
What are potential work-related issues resulting from sleep insufficiency?
What is the impact of chronic sleep restriction on alertness?
What is the impact of chronic sleep restriction on alertness?
What is the impact of time of day on alertness?
What is the impact of time of day on alertness?
What is measured in the Multiple Sleep Latency Test (MSLT)?
What is measured in the Multiple Sleep Latency Test (MSLT)?
What is the main outcome measured in Ocular Derived Alertness Outcomes?
What is the main outcome measured in Ocular Derived Alertness Outcomes?
What does EEG derived alertness outcomes measure?
What does EEG derived alertness outcomes measure?
What is attention control networks of the brain affected by sleep insufficiency?
What is attention control networks of the brain affected by sleep insufficiency?
How does sleep deprivation impact planning?
How does sleep deprivation impact planning?
What is the impact of sleep deprivation on decision making?
What is the impact of sleep deprivation on decision making?
What is the effect of sleep insufficiency on cognitive flexibility?
What is the effect of sleep insufficiency on cognitive flexibility?
What is the primary measure in Psychomotor Vigilance Task (PVT)?
What is the primary measure in Psychomotor Vigilance Task (PVT)?
What part of the brain do the executive functions rely on?
What part of the brain do the executive functions rely on?
What is the primary outcome of sleep deprived performance?
What is the primary outcome of sleep deprived performance?
What is the impact of sleep deprivation on amygdala activation?
What is the impact of sleep deprivation on amygdala activation?
What role does age play in vulnerability to sleep loss in the context of driving performance?
What role does age play in vulnerability to sleep loss in the context of driving performance?
What are the cons of using averages to measure sleep regularity?
What are the cons of using averages to measure sleep regularity?
What are the three traditional measures of sleep regularity?
What are the three traditional measures of sleep regularity?
What are the pros and cons of using standard deviation to measure sleep regularity?
What are the pros and cons of using standard deviation to measure sleep regularity?
What is the primary disadvantage of using averages to measure sleep regularity?
What is the primary disadvantage of using averages to measure sleep regularity?
What is the purpose of using interdaily stability to measure sleep regularity?
What is the purpose of using interdaily stability to measure sleep regularity?
What does social jetlag measure in the context of sleep regularity?
What does social jetlag measure in the context of sleep regularity?
What is the drawback of using standard deviation to measure sleep regularity?
What is the drawback of using standard deviation to measure sleep regularity?
What is the limitation of using social jetlag to measure sleep regularity?
What is the limitation of using social jetlag to measure sleep regularity?
What is the advantage of using interdaily stability to measure sleep regularity?
What is the advantage of using interdaily stability to measure sleep regularity?
What is the primary limitation of using averages to measure sleep regularity?
What is the primary limitation of using averages to measure sleep regularity?
What does interdaily stability score of 1 indicate?
What does interdaily stability score of 1 indicate?
What is the main drawback of using social jetlag to measure sleep regularity?
What is the main drawback of using social jetlag to measure sleep regularity?
What is the primary function of melanopsin in the eye?
What is the primary function of melanopsin in the eye?
What is the impact of light exposure on the human habenula?
What is the impact of light exposure on the human habenula?
What is the relationship between light exposure and amygdala activation?
What is the relationship between light exposure and amygdala activation?
What impact does SSRIs (Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors) have on light sensitivity?
What impact does SSRIs (Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors) have on light sensitivity?
What is the recommended approach to enhance the effectiveness of SSRIs?
What is the recommended approach to enhance the effectiveness of SSRIs?
What is the impact of evening light exposure on humans?
What is the impact of evening light exposure on humans?
What is the impact of blue light on slow wave sleep?
What is the impact of blue light on slow wave sleep?
What is the potential impact of healthy light behaviors on socioeconomic status?
What is the potential impact of healthy light behaviors on socioeconomic status?
