The Second Industrial Revolution and Democracy
16 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

Which social class began to see improvements in living conditions due to higher wages?

  • Working Class
  • Middle Class (correct)
  • Upper Class
  • Lower Class

    • The suffrage movement primarily focused on women's access to education.

    False

    Which political system did Great Britain have that allowed the party with the most votes to form the government?

    Two-party parliamentary system

    In _____, Italy finally emerged as a united state.

    <p>1870</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following countries with their political developments:

    <p>Great Britain = Two-party parliamentary system France = Republican constitution established Germany = Two-house legislature elected Italy = Emergence as a united state in 1870</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which country gained a republican constitution in 1875?

    <p>France</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Austria-Hungary successfully implemented a functional parliamentary system.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which years did Germany become the strongest military and industrial power in Europe?

    <p>1888-1919</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What new invention allowed factories to operate 24 hours a day during the Second Industrial Revolution?

    <p>Electricity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Second Industrial Revolution was primarily centered around textiles and railroads.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did trade unions fight for during the Second Industrial Revolution?

    <p>Better working conditions and the right to strike</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the Second Industrial Revolution, the introduction of the _________ engine revolutionized transportation.

    <p>internal-combustion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following countries with their level of industrialization during the Second Industrial Revolution:

    <p>Great Britain = Industrialized Belgium = Industrialized Southern Europe = Lagged behind Eastern Europe = Lagged behind</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class made up about 80% of the population during the changes in social structures?

    <p>Working Classes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Karl Marx believed that the world was divided into three classes: the elite, the middle, and the working class.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factors contributed to people affording to buy more during the Second Industrial Revolution?

    <p>Higher wages and lower costs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    The Second Industrial Revolution and Democracy

    • The Second Industrial Revolution focused on advancements in steel, chemicals, electricity, and petroleum. This contrasted with the First Revolution, which primarily involved textiles, railroads, iron, and coal.

    New Inventions

    • Steel replaced iron, leading to better machines, engines, and weapons.
    • Electricity powered streetcars, subways, conveyor belts, and cranes, among other advancements, increasing factory efficiency.
    • Factories could operate 24/7 due to these developments.

    Assembly Line and Mass Production

    • Mass production became more efficient.
    • Combined with higher wages and lower costs, this meant more people could afford goods.

    Internal-Combustion Engine

    • Fueled by oil and gasoline, this engine revolutionized transportation, leading to advancements like ocean liners, airplanes, and automobiles.

    Europe Divided

    • Europe was divided into two zones regarding industrialization.
    • Great Britain, France, Belgium, the Netherlands, Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy industrialized earlier.
    • Southern and Eastern Europe lagged behind.

    Marxist Socialism and Communism Emerge

    • Terrible living and working conditions led many to embrace socialistic ideals.
    • Karl Marx posited that history was driven by class struggles between the oppressed and the oppressors.
    • He predicted a classless society emerging after the oppressed revolted.

    Trade Unions

    • Trade unions formed alongside socialist groups to improve workers' conditions.
    • The right to strike was a key issue for unions. Initially illegal in some areas, strikes gained recognition later.

    Better Living Conditions

    • Health boards were created to improve housing quality and oversee sanitation measures.
    • Improvements included inspections, clean water systems, and the implementation of sewage systems. Also, gas and electric heaters became more common.

    New Social Structure – 3 Classes Emerge

    • A new elite formed, comprising approximately 5% of the population and controlling much of the wealth.
    • Middle classes emerged with varying economic levels, including lawyers, doctors, businesspeople, managers, engineers, shopkeepers, and farmers.
    • The working class formed the majority (approximately 80%) and experienced improvements in living and working conditions, leading to higher wages and more comfortable lives.

    Women

    • More jobs became available to women during this period.
    • Working-class women often worked while middle-class women remained at home.
    • The suffrage movement fought for women's equality, including voting rights.

    Public Education

    • The Second Industrial Revolution fostered a need for more skilled workers, leading to a greater emphasis on education.
    • The rise in literacy also coincided with broader voter participation demands.

    The Rise of the National State and Democracy

    • Political democracy spread across Western Europe during this period.

    Great Britain

    • Great Britain maintained a two-party parliamentary system where the party with the most votes governed.
    • A Labour party emerged, prioritizing workers' interests and leading social reforms.

    France

    • France, after Napoleon's era, established a republican government with a president and a two-house legislature that was elected.

    Italy

    • Italy unified by 1870, but faced uneven industrialization and a poverty-stricken south.
    • Despite universal male suffrage, the government remained corrupt and weak.

    Germany

    • Germany's 1871 constitution created a two-house legislature but maintained strong chancellor control over the military, foreign policy, and bureaucracy.
    • Germany became a major military and industrial power between 1888 and 1919.

    Austria-Hungary

    • Austria-Hungary's constitution established a parliamentary system in theory. However, the emperor often acted outside this framework.
    • The empire faced significant conflicts among ethnic groups.

    Russia

    • Tsar Nicholas II resisted democratic reforms.
    • The 1905 Bloody Sunday protests led to the creation of the Duma, a legislative assembly.

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Related Documents

    The Second Wave of the Industrial Revolution and Democracy PDF

    Description

    Explore the key advancements of the Second Industrial Revolution, including innovations in steel, electricity, and internal combustion engines. Learn how these developments influenced mass production and transformed transportation. Understand the social implications and changes in Europe during this crucial period.

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser