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What was one of the primary reasons for the cattle drives from the West to the East?
What was one of the primary reasons for the cattle drives from the West to the East?
Which of the following was NOT a factor contributing to social challenges during the transition to an industrial economy in the United States?
Which of the following was NOT a factor contributing to social challenges during the transition to an industrial economy in the United States?
What was the primary reason for the decline of Boss Tweed's political power?
What was the primary reason for the decline of Boss Tweed's political power?
What was a key argument of Social Darwinism?
What was a key argument of Social Darwinism?
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What was the impact of barbed wire on cattle ranching?
What was the impact of barbed wire on cattle ranching?
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What was the Credit Mobilier scandal primarily about?
What was the Credit Mobilier scandal primarily about?
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What was one of the major social problems faced by the United States during the Gilded Age?
What was one of the major social problems faced by the United States during the Gilded Age?
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Which of these events was NOT a major concern in the Gilded Age?
Which of these events was NOT a major concern in the Gilded Age?
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Which of the following groups actively campaigned for federal laws against alcohol consumption during the late 19th and early 20th centuries?
Which of the following groups actively campaigned for federal laws against alcohol consumption during the late 19th and early 20th centuries?
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What was the main event that led to the Haymarket Affair?
What was the main event that led to the Haymarket Affair?
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What was Sumner's main argument about freedom?
What was Sumner's main argument about freedom?
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Which of the following was NOT a key issue addressed by the 'Christian Lobby' during the late 19th and early 20th centuries?
Which of the following was NOT a key issue addressed by the 'Christian Lobby' during the late 19th and early 20th centuries?
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What lasting impact did the Haymarket Affair have on the labor movement?
What lasting impact did the Haymarket Affair have on the labor movement?
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What was the major factor that contributed to the economic explosion during the Gilded Age?
What was the major factor that contributed to the economic explosion during the Gilded Age?
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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the Second Industrial Revolution?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the Second Industrial Revolution?
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What role did the Homestead Act play in the development of the national market during the Gilded Age?
What role did the Homestead Act play in the development of the national market during the Gilded Age?
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How did railroads impact the Second Industrial Revolution?
How did railroads impact the Second Industrial Revolution?
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What was the primary reason behind the formation of pools and trusts during the Gilded Age?
What was the primary reason behind the formation of pools and trusts during the Gilded Age?
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Which of the following best describes the concept of laissez-faire as it applied during the Gilded Age?
Which of the following best describes the concept of laissez-faire as it applied during the Gilded Age?
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What was a significant consequence of rapid industrialization during the Gilded Age?
What was a significant consequence of rapid industrialization during the Gilded Age?
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Which of the following is an example of a product that was made possible due to the spirit of innovation and mass production during the Gilded Age?
Which of the following is an example of a product that was made possible due to the spirit of innovation and mass production during the Gilded Age?
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Which of the following accurately describes the concept of horizontal integration as practiced by John D. Rockefeller?
Which of the following accurately describes the concept of horizontal integration as practiced by John D. Rockefeller?
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What was a primary motivation for the Chinese immigrants who arrived in the American West after the Civil War?
What was a primary motivation for the Chinese immigrants who arrived in the American West after the Civil War?
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Which of these accurately describes the impact of the Dawes Act on Native American lands?
Which of these accurately describes the impact of the Dawes Act on Native American lands?
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How did the Homestead Act contribute to the transformation of the American West?
How did the Homestead Act contribute to the transformation of the American West?
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What was a significant factor in the decline of the open range cattle industry in the American West?
What was a significant factor in the decline of the open range cattle industry in the American West?
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Which of the following statements accurately describes the significance of the Battle of Little Bighorn for Native American resistance?
Which of the following statements accurately describes the significance of the Battle of Little Bighorn for Native American resistance?
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What was the primary reason that the federal government removed Brigham Young as governor of Utah?
What was the primary reason that the federal government removed Brigham Young as governor of Utah?
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What was the main objective of the US government's “Peace Policy” in dealing with Native American tribes?
What was the main objective of the US government's “Peace Policy” in dealing with Native American tribes?
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Which of these accurately describes the concept of vertical integration as practiced by Andrew Carnegie?
Which of these accurately describes the concept of vertical integration as practiced by Andrew Carnegie?
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What was the primary focus of the 'Wild West' shows that gained popularity in the late 19th century?
What was the primary focus of the 'Wild West' shows that gained popularity in the late 19th century?
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How did the construction of railroads impact the agricultural industry in the Trans-Mississippi West?
How did the construction of railroads impact the agricultural industry in the Trans-Mississippi West?
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Which of the following accurately describes the overall impact of federal Indian policies during the late 19th century?
Which of the following accurately describes the overall impact of federal Indian policies during the late 19th century?
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Which of the following was a key factor in the emergence of “Bonanza farms” in the American West?
Which of the following was a key factor in the emergence of “Bonanza farms” in the American West?
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How did the development of the cattle kingdom in the American West differ from the experiences of the European settlers in Australia?
How did the development of the cattle kingdom in the American West differ from the experiences of the European settlers in Australia?
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Which of the following best describes the impact of “Buffalo Bills Wild West Shows” on the perception of the American frontier?
Which of the following best describes the impact of “Buffalo Bills Wild West Shows” on the perception of the American frontier?
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What was the significance of the Wounded Knee Massacre in the history of Native American-US relations?
What was the significance of the Wounded Knee Massacre in the history of Native American-US relations?
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Study Notes
Second Industrial Revolution
- Coined by Mark Twain, the "Gilded Age" described a period of outward economic prosperity, but with underlying corruption.
- The US economy exploded due to plentiful resources, labor, capital, and government land grants.
- By 1913, the US produced half the world's industrial output.
- A shift from an agricultural to industrial economy was evident in the 1880 census.
- Urban growth was key to financing industrialization.
- The period was marked by the rapid development of railroads, factories, mining, and oil industries, particularly in the Great Lakes region.
- This era promoted mass production, distribution, and marketing nationwide.
- New inventions, like the lightbulb, transformed industries.
Competition and Consolidation
- The period saw significant economic competition.
- Businesses used various strategies such as pools (dividing markets), trusts (managing rival companies), and others.
- Fierce competition led to price wars and economic downturns (1873-1897).
- Innovations like trusts and horizontal/vertical integration consolidated industries.
- Huge corporations emerged from these merged businesses.
Rise of Industrialists
- Andrew Carnegie dominated the steel industry through vertical integration (controlling all stages of production).
- John D. Rockefeller controlled the oil industry via horizontal integration (controlling many companies in the same industry).
Labor and Social Issues
- Industrialization created new freedoms for some workers but also increased economic insecurity and dangerous working conditions, especially in the early 1880's
- Many laborers struggled against poor working conditions, low wages and harsh labor practices.
- The period saw significant movements by workers for better rights and working conditions.
Farming in the West
- The West experienced rapid land cultivation post-Civil War. New technology and crops were introduced to the region.
- Large-scale wheat and corn farming became significant in certain parts of the Midwest.
- Women played a critical role in farm life.
- Federal programs like the Homestead Act encouraged the settling and development of the West.
Indigenous Peoples
- Federal policies significantly impacted Native American lands, often leading to conflict, displacement, and loss of livelihood.
- The Dawes Act aimed to assimilate tribal lands, leading to significant land loss for Indigenous Americans.
- Conflicts and wars followed, including the Sand Creek Massacre and the Wounded Knee Massacre
- Settler expansion into the West drastically altered the lives of Native Americans and resulted in their oppression.
- The period saw the oppression of Indigenous populations, as they faced loss of their land, cultural destruction, and various forms of conflict with expanding settler populations.
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Description
Explore the transformative era known as the Second Industrial Revolution, characterized by remarkable industrial growth and economic prosperity in the United States. This quiz covers key developments, innovations, and the shift from agriculture to industry during the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
