Appetite Chapter 4
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following senses are most involved in eating and drinking?

  • Sight and touch
  • Taste and smell (correct)
  • Smell and touch
  • Hearing and touch
  • What are taste and smell referred to as?

  • Chemical senses (correct)
  • Physical senses
  • Auditory senses
  • Emotional senses
  • According to the text, do all individuals taste and smell in the same way?

  • There is no information provided about this
  • The text contradicts itself on this topic
  • Yes, everyone tastes and smells the same way
  • No, taste and smell preferences vary among individuals (correct)
  • Which sense is responsible for detecting molecules in the air?

    <p>Smell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average person's ability to detect salt in water?

    <p>1/3 teaspoon in 1 gallon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How much perfume scent can the average person detect in an average-size house?

    <p>One drop</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about taste and smell?

    <p>They serve and protect the body in overlapping ways</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following taste primaries indicates a good source of carbohydrates?

    <p>Sweet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following taste primaries is necessary for maintaining the body's proper physiological functioning?

    <p>Salt</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the hypothesis that there are specific lines (i.e., neurons) that are labeled for specific tastes?

    <p>Labeled line theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the hypothesis that the different tastes are coded by a complex pattern of response of many different neurons?

    <p>Pattern theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of papillae have taste cells located on their top surfaces?

    <p>Fungiform papillae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the openings on the surface of the tongue known as?

    <p>Taste pores</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve is the first stage in transmission of information from the tongue to the brain cortex?

    <p>Chorda tympani nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the chemical derived from the leaves of a plant native to India that affects the taste of sweet substances?

    <p>Gymnemic acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a reason why it is difficult to decipher the coding of taste and smell?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are taste and odor primaries?

    <p>The smallest number of tastes and odors that could be used to describe all other tastes and odors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a taste primary?

    <p>Bitter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do scientists hope to learn by identifying taste and odor primaries?

    <p>The physical processes involved in taste and smell coding.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which substance selectively decreases the enjoyment of dessert while leaving intact enjoyment of the rest of the meal?

    <p>Gymnemic acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does miracle fruit have on the taste of sour foods?

    <p>It makes them taste sweet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the adaptation of the tongue to substances in saliva explain?

    <p>Why distilled water tastes bitter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is umami?

    <p>The taste of glutamate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a specific anosmia mentioned in the text?

    <p>Sulfurous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did scientist John E. Amoore believe about the number of odor primaries?

    <p>There are many more odor primaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are the cells responsible for detecting odors located?

    <p>In the nose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a food or beverage that the author dislikes due to being a supertaster?

    <p>Vegetables</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the author's preferred temperature for drinking water?

    <p>Room temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did the author discover their supertaster status?

    <p>Through a taste-testing paper</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the author's husband's taste sensitivity called?

    <p>Nontaster</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the chemical compound found in mosquito repellents that blocks the mosquitoes' odor receptor cells?

    <p>DEET</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a factor that can cause differences in taste and smell sensitivity among individuals?

    <p>Species differences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the purpose of the 1986 smell survey conducted by National Geographic?

    <p>To investigate differences in odor preferences across countries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true about taste sensitivity in men and women?

    <p>Women rate odors as more intense than men</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of mucus in the sense of smell?

    <p>It enhances the sensitivity of odor receptor cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are odors coded in the olfactory system?

    <p>By the spatial pattern of activation of neuron groups</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it difficult to construct electronic devices that can detect tastes or odors?

    <p>Artificial noses can only distinguish a limited set of odors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What recent research on olfaction has been reported?

    <p>How the brain detects odors from different locations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the relationship between Liz and Rich?

    <p>Liz and Rich had a turbulent courtship</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Liz initially believe about Rich's picky eating habits?

    <p>Rich was egocentric</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What led Liz to change her opinion about Rich's food preferences?

    <p>Liz learned about the PTC/PROP supertaster pattern</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the author's friend, Linda Bartoshuk, discuss in her presidential address?

    <p>The latest information on supertasters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential cause for age-related decreases in taste and smell abilities?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of people over the age of 80 have a major olfactory impairment?

    <p>Approximately 75%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a potential implication of age-related decreases in taste and smell abilities?

    <p>Increased reflex responses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between mood and memory for tastes?

    <p>Good tastes are easier to remember in a good mood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential cause for a temporary inability to taste?

    <p>Respiratory virus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect did the decongestant oxymeta-zoline have on the ability to smell in participants with a cold?

    <p>Had no effect on smell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Linda Bartoshuk suggest was the cause of Raymond D. Fowler's taste problem?

    <p>Respiratory virus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following organizations can provide assistance for someone with a possible taste or smell abnormality?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do taste and smell play in eating and drinking?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main takeaway from this chapter?

    <p>We live in a world richly populated by food tastes and odors</p> Signup and view all the answers

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