Appetite chapter 10

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Which of the following best describes the purpose of the Let's Move Campaign mentioned in the text?

To provide weight monitoring apps

To publish scientific literature on overeating and obesity

To increase awareness about obesity

To promote exercise and healthy eating (correct)

What does the author mention as a challenge in writing about overeating and obesity?

The huge amount of published scientific literature on the topic (correct)

The inability to find good studies

The lack of interest in preventing and treating obesity

The difficulty in monitoring weight

What does the author suggest about the preceding chapters in the text?

They are not necessary to read

They are not informative

They provide helpful information for understanding overeating and obesity (correct)

They focus on weight monitoring apps

Which of the following is true about obesity in the United States?

Obesity rates are highest among Hispanics. Signup and view all the answers

What is the advantage of using BMI to measure obesity?

It is easy and inexpensive to calculate. Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between obesity and health risk?

Obesity is associated with a higher risk of cancer. Signup and view all the answers

What is the prevalence of obesity in the United States?

35% of adults are classified as obese. Signup and view all the answers

What is one possible explanation for the apparently discrepant data on obesity and mortality?

Obese people who exercise can negate the negative effects of obesity Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of 5- to 10-year-old children who are overweight have at least one resulting health problem?

60% Signup and view all the answers

What did the American Medical Association recently recognize obesity as?

A disease Signup and view all the answers

What is one reason why people who weigh more than average may be discriminated against socially and professionally?

They are seen as unintelligent and lacking in self-control Signup and view all the answers

What are the three possible explanations for the increase in obesity in the United States?

People are doing both of these things Signup and view all the answers

What is one factor that has contributed to the decrease in energy expenditure in the United States?

Increased use of elevators Signup and view all the answers

What does the author explain in this chapter about exercise and weight loss?

Exercise is one of the few successful methods for losing and keeping off excess weight Signup and view all the answers

Which type of twins have more similar weights on average, according to studies?

Identical twins Signup and view all the answers

Why might identical twins have more similar weights?

Because they are treated more similarly Signup and view all the answers

What type of children have weights more similar to their biological parents, according to studies?

Adopted children Signup and view all the answers

What do studies suggest about the influence of genes on weight gain and fat distribution?

Genes have a significant influence on weight gain and fat distribution Signup and view all the answers

Adipose cells contribute to the regulation of the body's set point by

staying the same in number regardless of weight changes Signup and view all the answers

What is one reason that it is difficult for anyone to lose weight and keep it off, according to the text?

The number of adipose cells can never decrease Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone increases appetite and the storage of fat, according to the text?

Ghrelin Signup and view all the answers

What did the experiment published in Science in 2013 suggest about certain bacteria in the GI tract?

They can influence weight Signup and view all the answers

Which population had a higher average BMI, according to the study mentioned in the text?

Sandy Lake Oji-Cree Signup and view all the answers

What are the three types of energy expenditure that make up total energy expenditure?

Basal metabolic rate, physical activity, and food consumption Signup and view all the answers

Which type of energy expenditure could potentially increase the tendency to gain weight and become obese?

A low value for any of the three types of energy expenditure Signup and view all the answers

Which factor influences how much and what you eat when dining with other people?

Whether or not the server is on a diet Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between sleep and obesity, according to the text?

People who sleep less are more likely to be obese Signup and view all the answers

What did psychologist Janet Polivy and her colleagues investigate in their experiment?

The influence of a woman's eating behavior on other women Signup and view all the answers

What is the explanation for the counterintuitive finding that people who sleep less are more likely to gain weight?

Their appetite increases more than their energy expenditure Signup and view all the answers

What did the participants in Janet Polivy's experiment believe about the model, Jane?

She was another participant Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of increased food consumption on energy usage?

Energy usage increases Signup and view all the answers

What was the finding of the study by James A. Levine, Norman L. Eberhardt, and Michael D. Jensen on energy usage in participants who were fed extra food?

Energy usage varied among participants Signup and view all the answers

What factor contributes to low metabolic rates?

Decreased eating Signup and view all the answers

What can increase metabolic rate under certain conditions?

Exercise Signup and view all the answers

What did Bouchard's study with twins find about exercise and weight loss?

Exercise can result in weight loss Signup and view all the answers

What is one concern about the effects of exercise on metabolic rate?

Exercise can increase appetite Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential contributing factor to obesity, according to the text?

Eating high-fat foods Signup and view all the answers

What did experiments with rats and people show about the consumption of good-tasting food?

It leads to increased appetite Signup and view all the answers

What is one potential effect of increasing the variety of foods available in a single meal?

Increased food consumption Signup and view all the answers

What is one concern of public health experts regarding the food available in certain neighborhoods and schools?

Lack of fresh fruits and vegetables Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a factor that may contribute to overeating and weight gain?

Consumption of artificial sweeteners Signup and view all the answers

What did New York City's then-mayor, Michael Bloomberg, try to ban in 2013?

Drinks with more than 16 ounces Signup and view all the answers

What effect does decreasing the energy density of a food have on calorie consumption?

Decreases calorie consumption Signup and view all the answers

What do experiments suggest about the size of plates and portion sizes?

They decrease calorie consumption Signup and view all the answers

What is one reason why dieters who break their diets may then overeat?

They anticipate future food deprivation Signup and view all the answers

What physiological response do externally responsive people demonstrate when exposed to food cues?

Their insulin levels increase Signup and view all the answers

What effect does stress have on eating behavior in both rats and humans?

It increases eating and preference for good-tasting food Signup and view all the answers

What influence do friends who are obese have on an individual's likelihood of becoming obese?

It increases the individual's likelihood of becoming obese Signup and view all the answers

What type of exercise does the author engage in at the gym?

Weightlifting and stretching Signup and view all the answers

What has the author found since starting their exercise regime over 10 years ago?

It is easier to maintain weight Signup and view all the answers

Why did the author stop wearing the Fitbit device?

It was distracting them from exercising Signup and view all the answers

Which neurotransmitter has been hypothesized to be low in impulsive people and may contribute to overeating?

Serotonin Signup and view all the answers

What is one possible physiological explanation for overeating in obese people who eat excessively?

High levels of serotonin Signup and view all the answers

What is one hypothesis about the cause of some cases of overeating, such as binging on carbohydrates and seasonal affective disorder?

High levels of serotonin Signup and view all the answers

What are some physiological symptoms that people on diets may experience?

Increased appetite and cravings Signup and view all the answers

Why don't diets result in permanent weight loss?

Calories from digested food disappear Signup and view all the answers

What is one method used by many dieters to decrease the number of calories consumed?

Substituting high-calorie foods with low-calorie alternatives Signup and view all the answers

What is one major problem with low-calorie foods?

They don't taste good Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of cholecystokinin (CCK) in weight control?

CCK is produced during food digestion Signup and view all the answers

What is a challenge associated with weight-loss drugs?

They have serious side effects Signup and view all the answers

What is the author's opinion on diets?

Diets don't work and weight is usually regained Signup and view all the answers

What is the potential role of drugs in treating overeating and obesity associated with depression and carbohydrate craving?

Drugs that raise serotonin levels may decrease overeating and alleviate depression Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential side effect of the surgeries performed to restrict or bypass parts of the gastrointestinal tract?

Decreased absorption of food Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended BMI range for patients considering surgeries to restrict or bypass parts of the gastrointestinal tract?

At least 40 Signup and view all the answers

What is one potential drawback of liposuction as a weight loss method?

It removes fat from specific areas of the body Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential target for drugs that would decrease overeating or increase weight loss?

Chemicals and physiological processes related to food digestion Signup and view all the answers

Why can eating many small meals throughout the day instead of one large meal potentially lead to weight gain?

It may cause people to eat more total calories Signup and view all the answers

What is one possible reason why exercise can help in decreasing obesity and maintaining weight loss?

Exercise uses calories Signup and view all the answers

What are some additional benefits of exercise as a weight control technique?

Improving cardiovascular fitness and mood Signup and view all the answers

What is one main drawback of using exercise as a treatment for obesity or to prevent weight gain?

Difficulty in adhering to an exercise program Signup and view all the answers

What is one approach that has been used in decreasing obesity by surrounding the obese person with a supportive group of people?

Joining self-help groups Signup and view all the answers

What type of weight-loss approach involves competitions among people at different work sites?

Weight-loss competitions Signup and view all the answers

What is one common characteristic of self-help groups for weight loss?

They consist of people with a similar problem Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a reason why profit-making entities are highly incentivized to get people to eat more?

To increase their profits Signup and view all the answers

What does the author believe society needs to do in order to promote healthy eating habits?

Ensure that aspects of the environment that promote healthy eating have equal opportunity Signup and view all the answers

What is the author's personal approach to promoting healthy eating habits?

Limiting the consumption of high-fat, high-salt, high-sugar, and low-fiber foods Signup and view all the answers

Which weight loss program has been found to result in significant weight loss, according to recent experiments?

Weight Watchers Signup and view all the answers

What is one potential drawback of the study conducted by psychiatrists Colleen S. W. Rand and Albert J. Stunkard regarding psychodynamic therapy?

The therapists only reported data on patients who were losing weight Signup and view all the answers

What is the average weight loss reported by patients in psychodynamic therapy, according to the study conducted by psychiatrists Colleen S. W. Rand and Albert J. Stunkard?

21 pounds Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of psychodynamic therapy in relation to weight loss?

Treating emotional conflicts Signup and view all the answers

Which type of therapy is most commonly researched and used for treating obesity, according to the text?

Behavior therapy Signup and view all the answers

What is a common technique used in behavior therapy for weight loss, as mentioned in the text?

Positive reinforcement Signup and view all the answers

What did Martha L. Skender and her colleagues compare in their experiment on cognitive-behavioral treatment for weight loss?

Different combinations of diet and exercise Signup and view all the answers

What is a challenge in assessing the efficacy of behavior therapy for weight loss, as mentioned in the text?

Difficulty isolating the effectiveness of specific treatment aspects Signup and view all the answers

What is one research-based suggestion for maintaining current weight or losing relatively small amounts of weight, according to the text?

Monitor calorie intake carefully. Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended minimum duration of aerobic exercise per day to maintain weight or lose relatively small amounts of weight, according to the text?

1 hour Signup and view all the answers

To lose 1 pound in a week, how many additional calories should be burned through exercise, according to the text?

3,500 calories Signup and view all the answers

What is the suggested role of behavior therapy in weight control, according to the text?

To help people engage in more exercise and other healthy behaviors Signup and view all the answers

According to the text, our bodies are designed to ingest large amounts of calories and retain those calories because

our species evolved in surroundings that featured repeated periods of food scarcity Signup and view all the answers

According to the text, what is a potential consequence of weight cycling (yo-yo dieting)?

increased risk for coronary heart disease Signup and view all the answers

According to the text, why do some physicians and therapists believe that people should only try to lose weight if it will result in significant health benefits?

to avoid the potential negative effects of dieting efforts Signup and view all the answers

According to the text, what is one potential goal to address the growing obesity epidemic?

restructuring the environment to prevent weight gain Signup and view all the answers