92 Questions
Which of the following best describes the purpose of the Let's Move Campaign mentioned in the text?
To promote exercise and healthy eating
What does the author mention as a challenge in writing about overeating and obesity?
The huge amount of published scientific literature on the topic
What does the author suggest about the preceding chapters in the text?
They provide helpful information for understanding overeating and obesity
Which of the following is true about obesity in the United States?
Obesity rates are highest among Hispanics.
What is the advantage of using BMI to measure obesity?
It is easy and inexpensive to calculate.
What is the relationship between obesity and health risk?
Obesity is associated with a higher risk of cancer.
What is the prevalence of obesity in the United States?
35% of adults are classified as obese.
What is one possible explanation for the apparently discrepant data on obesity and mortality?
Obese people who exercise can negate the negative effects of obesity
What percentage of 5- to 10-year-old children who are overweight have at least one resulting health problem?
60%
What did the American Medical Association recently recognize obesity as?
A disease
What is one reason why people who weigh more than average may be discriminated against socially and professionally?
They are seen as unintelligent and lacking in self-control
What are the three possible explanations for the increase in obesity in the United States?
People are doing both of these things
What is one factor that has contributed to the decrease in energy expenditure in the United States?
Increased use of elevators
What does the author explain in this chapter about exercise and weight loss?
Exercise is one of the few successful methods for losing and keeping off excess weight
Which type of twins have more similar weights on average, according to studies?
Identical twins
Why might identical twins have more similar weights?
Because they are treated more similarly
What type of children have weights more similar to their biological parents, according to studies?
Adopted children
What do studies suggest about the influence of genes on weight gain and fat distribution?
Genes have a significant influence on weight gain and fat distribution
Adipose cells contribute to the regulation of the body's set point by
staying the same in number regardless of weight changes
What is one reason that it is difficult for anyone to lose weight and keep it off, according to the text?
The number of adipose cells can never decrease
Which hormone increases appetite and the storage of fat, according to the text?
Ghrelin
What did the experiment published in Science in 2013 suggest about certain bacteria in the GI tract?
They can influence weight
Which population had a higher average BMI, according to the study mentioned in the text?
Sandy Lake Oji-Cree
What are the three types of energy expenditure that make up total energy expenditure?
Basal metabolic rate, physical activity, and food consumption
Which type of energy expenditure could potentially increase the tendency to gain weight and become obese?
A low value for any of the three types of energy expenditure
Which factor influences how much and what you eat when dining with other people?
Whether or not the server is on a diet
What is the relationship between sleep and obesity, according to the text?
People who sleep less are more likely to be obese
What did psychologist Janet Polivy and her colleagues investigate in their experiment?
The influence of a woman's eating behavior on other women
What is the explanation for the counterintuitive finding that people who sleep less are more likely to gain weight?
Their appetite increases more than their energy expenditure
What did the participants in Janet Polivy's experiment believe about the model, Jane?
She was another participant
What is the effect of increased food consumption on energy usage?
Energy usage increases
What was the finding of the study by James A. Levine, Norman L. Eberhardt, and Michael D. Jensen on energy usage in participants who were fed extra food?
Energy usage varied among participants
What factor contributes to low metabolic rates?
Decreased eating
What can increase metabolic rate under certain conditions?
Exercise
What did Bouchard's study with twins find about exercise and weight loss?
Exercise can result in weight loss
What is one concern about the effects of exercise on metabolic rate?
Exercise can increase appetite
Which of the following is a potential contributing factor to obesity, according to the text?
Eating high-fat foods
What did experiments with rats and people show about the consumption of good-tasting food?
It leads to increased appetite
What is one potential effect of increasing the variety of foods available in a single meal?
Increased food consumption
What is one concern of public health experts regarding the food available in certain neighborhoods and schools?
Lack of fresh fruits and vegetables
Which of the following is a factor that may contribute to overeating and weight gain?
Consumption of artificial sweeteners
What did New York City's then-mayor, Michael Bloomberg, try to ban in 2013?
Drinks with more than 16 ounces
What effect does decreasing the energy density of a food have on calorie consumption?
Decreases calorie consumption
What do experiments suggest about the size of plates and portion sizes?
They decrease calorie consumption
What is one reason why dieters who break their diets may then overeat?
They anticipate future food deprivation
What physiological response do externally responsive people demonstrate when exposed to food cues?
Their insulin levels increase
What effect does stress have on eating behavior in both rats and humans?
It increases eating and preference for good-tasting food
What influence do friends who are obese have on an individual's likelihood of becoming obese?
It increases the individual's likelihood of becoming obese
What type of exercise does the author engage in at the gym?
Weightlifting and stretching
What has the author found since starting their exercise regime over 10 years ago?
It is easier to maintain weight
Why did the author stop wearing the Fitbit device?
It was distracting them from exercising
Which neurotransmitter has been hypothesized to be low in impulsive people and may contribute to overeating?
Serotonin
What is one possible physiological explanation for overeating in obese people who eat excessively?
High levels of serotonin
What is one hypothesis about the cause of some cases of overeating, such as binging on carbohydrates and seasonal affective disorder?
High levels of serotonin
What are some physiological symptoms that people on diets may experience?
Increased appetite and cravings
Why don't diets result in permanent weight loss?
Calories from digested food disappear
What is one method used by many dieters to decrease the number of calories consumed?
Substituting high-calorie foods with low-calorie alternatives
What is one major problem with low-calorie foods?
They don't taste good
What is the role of cholecystokinin (CCK) in weight control?
CCK is produced during food digestion
What is a challenge associated with weight-loss drugs?
They have serious side effects
What is the author's opinion on diets?
Diets don't work and weight is usually regained
What is the potential role of drugs in treating overeating and obesity associated with depression and carbohydrate craving?
Drugs that raise serotonin levels may decrease overeating and alleviate depression
Which of the following is a potential side effect of the surgeries performed to restrict or bypass parts of the gastrointestinal tract?
Decreased absorption of food
What is the recommended BMI range for patients considering surgeries to restrict or bypass parts of the gastrointestinal tract?
At least 40
What is one potential drawback of liposuction as a weight loss method?
It removes fat from specific areas of the body
What is a potential target for drugs that would decrease overeating or increase weight loss?
Chemicals and physiological processes related to food digestion
Why can eating many small meals throughout the day instead of one large meal potentially lead to weight gain?
It may cause people to eat more total calories
What is one possible reason why exercise can help in decreasing obesity and maintaining weight loss?
Exercise uses calories
What are some additional benefits of exercise as a weight control technique?
Improving cardiovascular fitness and mood
What is one main drawback of using exercise as a treatment for obesity or to prevent weight gain?
Difficulty in adhering to an exercise program
What is one approach that has been used in decreasing obesity by surrounding the obese person with a supportive group of people?
Joining self-help groups
What type of weight-loss approach involves competitions among people at different work sites?
Weight-loss competitions
What is one common characteristic of self-help groups for weight loss?
They consist of people with a similar problem
Which of the following is a reason why profit-making entities are highly incentivized to get people to eat more?
To increase their profits
What does the author believe society needs to do in order to promote healthy eating habits?
Ensure that aspects of the environment that promote healthy eating have equal opportunity
What is the author's personal approach to promoting healthy eating habits?
Limiting the consumption of high-fat, high-salt, high-sugar, and low-fiber foods
Which weight loss program has been found to result in significant weight loss, according to recent experiments?
Weight Watchers
What is one potential drawback of the study conducted by psychiatrists Colleen S. W. Rand and Albert J. Stunkard regarding psychodynamic therapy?
The therapists only reported data on patients who were losing weight
What is the average weight loss reported by patients in psychodynamic therapy, according to the study conducted by psychiatrists Colleen S. W. Rand and Albert J. Stunkard?
21 pounds
What is the main focus of psychodynamic therapy in relation to weight loss?
Treating emotional conflicts
Which type of therapy is most commonly researched and used for treating obesity, according to the text?
Behavior therapy
What is a common technique used in behavior therapy for weight loss, as mentioned in the text?
Positive reinforcement
What did Martha L. Skender and her colleagues compare in their experiment on cognitive-behavioral treatment for weight loss?
Different combinations of diet and exercise
What is a challenge in assessing the efficacy of behavior therapy for weight loss, as mentioned in the text?
Difficulty isolating the effectiveness of specific treatment aspects
What is one research-based suggestion for maintaining current weight or losing relatively small amounts of weight, according to the text?
Monitor calorie intake carefully.
What is the recommended minimum duration of aerobic exercise per day to maintain weight or lose relatively small amounts of weight, according to the text?
1 hour
To lose 1 pound in a week, how many additional calories should be burned through exercise, according to the text?
3,500 calories
What is the suggested role of behavior therapy in weight control, according to the text?
To help people engage in more exercise and other healthy behaviors
According to the text, our bodies are designed to ingest large amounts of calories and retain those calories because
our species evolved in surroundings that featured repeated periods of food scarcity
According to the text, what is a potential consequence of weight cycling (yo-yo dieting)?
increased risk for coronary heart disease
According to the text, why do some physicians and therapists believe that people should only try to lose weight if it will result in significant health benefits?
to avoid the potential negative effects of dieting efforts
According to the text, what is one potential goal to address the growing obesity epidemic?
restructuring the environment to prevent weight gain
Quiz: Are genes a contributing factor to obesity? Test your knowledge on the role of genetics in obesity with this quiz. Explore the evidence from studies conducted with twins and learn about the similarities in weight between identical twins compared to fraternal twins. Discover the extent to which genes may contribute to obesity.
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