Appetite Chapter 15
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Questions and Answers

According to the text, which restaurant helped inspire an American cuisine that went beyond canned vegetables and TV dinners?

  • Master chef's restaurant
  • Chez Panisse (correct)
  • Julia Child's restaurant
  • Berkeley's famed restaurant

    • What does the text suggest about American cuisine?

  • It features local ingredients and American wines and beers (correct)
  • It has a whole network devoted to food
  • It is known for creating new flavor and texture combinations
  • It is inspired by Chinese food and pizza

    • What does the text indicate about the scientific investigations described in previous chapters?

  • They focus on beer and wine tasting
  • They provide a better understanding of food and drink
  • They explain why people choose certain foods and drinks
  • They involve rats and people (correct)

    • Which factor was found to be associated with the highest ratings for pleasantness of biscuits and cakes?

    <p>The combination of fat and sugar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did some well-known chefs report as their secret ingredient?

    <p>Fat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why might food in a restaurant taste better than at home?

    <p>Restaurants use more fat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the field dedicated to the study and application of chemical reactions during cooking called?

    <p>Molecular gastronomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor influences cuisines by making them seem familiar and safe?

    <p>The fear of new foods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Anthelme Brillat-Savarin, what can food reveal about a person?

    <p>Their cultural background</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do immigrants sometimes feel compelled to consume their new culture's foods?

    <p>To demonstrate their acceptance of the new culture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is NOT mentioned as a determinant of the constituents of a cuisine?

    <p>Geographical location</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one way to ensure a nutritionally complete cuisine?

    <p>Combining different foods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a cultural belief that affects a cuisine?

    <p>The laws of kashrut</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a food cultural belief that may or may not help ensure people eat foods that are good for them?

    <p>Treating corn with alkali solution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT one of the primary elements of cuisine according to Elisabeth Rozin?

    <p>Cultural constraints that restrict what types of food may be eaten or how the foods may be prepared</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the author learn from Elisabeth Rozin's cookbook?

    <p>The psychological principles behind cuisine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of true cuisine?

    <p>The use of particular flavorings in a cuisine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some of the highly preferred tastes according to previous chapters?

    <p>Sweet and salty tastes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the text, why did the author struggle to find satisfying food in Japan?

    <p>The author was unable to find familiar foods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the author order for dessert at the Western-style restaurant in Japan?

    <p>Vanilla ice cream</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where did the author go in Japan to find familiar and satisfying food?

    <p>Tokyo Disneyland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of American women crave chocolate?

    <p>50%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many 2-ounce bars of chocolate per week did one sample of self-described chocoholics report eating, on average?

    <p>12 bars</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does recent research suggest about the consumption of chocolate?

    <p>Both of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one reason why people eat so much chocolate?

    <p>It is usually mixed with sugar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which two kinds of pizza were available at the restaurant?

    <p>Pineapple and shrimp</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happened when the author went to the restaurant?

    <p>They left without getting any food</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cuisine pairs astringent and fatty elements?

    <p>Moroccan cuisine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cuisines have overlapping flavor principles?

    <p>Japanese, Chinese, and Korean cuisines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the text, why do Hindus in India treat cows as sacred?

    <p>Because cows are considered sacred in Hinduism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cultural belief that leads to the prohibition against eating cows in India?

    <p>Cows are considered sacred in Hinduism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Marvin Harris and others, why is treating cows as sacred greatly beneficial to India's economy?

    <p>Treating cows as sacred contributes to the Indian agricultural system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the text, which of the following is a popular seasoning among Native Americans in the area?

    <p>Sassafras leaves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between Cajun cuisine and Creole cuisine?

    <p>Cajun cuisine uses local ingredients while Creole cuisine uses traditional French ingredients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is capsaicin?

    <p>An ingredient in chile peppers that induces a burning sensation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the text, which of the following is NOT a use of chile pepper?

    <p>To preserve information about chile peppers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a possible explanation for why people may come to prefer chile pepper?

    <p>Vitamins A and C content</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the text, what is one attribute of chile pepper eating that is relevant to weight management?

    <p>It makes people eat less and feel more full</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a possible reason why people in cold climates also often like chile pepper?

    <p>It kills food bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the text, what is one possible reason why PTC/PROP supertasters may perceive more burn from chile pepper?

    <p>They have more cells in their mouths specialized for pain detection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the text, why is chocolate often associated with love and sex?

    <p>Because chocolate contains chemicals that have effects on the brain similar to marijuana</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one possible reason why some people who crave chocolate claim that eating it makes them less depressed?

    <p>Because chocolate contains chemicals that have effects on the brain similar to marijuana</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one negative effect of chocolate craving mentioned in the text?

    <p>It can impede certain types of memory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some strategies that have been found to be helpful in decreasing chocolate craving?

    <p>Training the skill of disidentification and taking a brisk walk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a reason why farmers in India need to have their own oxen?

    <p>Cattle are allowed to wander freely along the roads</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of cows wandering along the roads in India?

    <p>To eat the grass along the roads</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is dung important in India?

    <p>It is used as cooking fuel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first step in the wine-tasting procedure?

    <p>Looking at the wine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of swirling the wine in the glass during the wine-tasting process?

    <p>To increase the wine's aroma and bouquet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of carbonation in wine tasting?

    <p>To stimulate the tongue's taste receptors for sour</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do wine tasters judge the taste of a wine?

    <p>By rolling the wine around on the tongue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What evidence suggests that cannibalism may have occurred among the Anasazi tribes?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most likely reason why some people avoid eating meat?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one solution to prevent interactive effects when wine tasting?

    <p>Drinking the wine out of a black glass</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do some people avoid feeding their pets a meat-containing diet?

    <p>Ethical reasons related to harm to other animals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one way to assess the touch of wine during tasting?

    <p>Noting astringency on the tongue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do wine tasters take bites of bread between sips?

    <p>To keep their sensory cells at maximum sensitivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the 'vegetarian's dilemma'?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one factor that can influence a person's sensory experience of wine?

    <p>Being told something positive or negative about the wine prior to tasting it</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can result in a person rating a food as tasting better?

    <p>Presenting a dish artfully on a plate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did former New York City mayor, Michael Bloomberg, require some New York City restaurants to do?

    <p>Post the calorie counts of their dishes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the goal of purveyors (restaurant owners, managers, and servers)?

    <p>To get customers to spend more and eat more</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the advantage of taking an interdisciplinary, scientific approach to the psychology of eating and drinking?

    <p>Enhanced enjoyment of food and drink</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one possible reason why the treatment of cows as sacred in India is beneficial to the economy?

    <p>It provides a welfare system for the poorest people</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one possible reason why the prohibition against eating the flesh of your own species seems less difficult to figure out?

    <p>Eating other people is perceived as regrettable and antisocial behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What evidence suggests that cannibalism may have been a regular practice in some human societies?

    <p>Human bones dating back approximately 750,000 years that were arrayed in a way consistent with butchering processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What research method was used to determine if cannibalism took place among the Anasazi Indians?

    <p>Biogeochemistry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    American Cuisine and Influences

    • A key restaurant inspired an American cuisine that moved beyond canned vegetables and TV dinners.
    • American cuisine is suggested to have evolved with influences from diverse cultures, adapting traditional dishes to local tastes.
    • Scientific investigations have explored the chemical processes involved in cooking and food preparation.

    Baking and Taste Preferences

    • Highest pleasantness ratings for biscuits and cakes were linked to specific textures and flavors.
    • Well-known chefs claim unique secret ingredients that enhance their dishes.
    • Restaurant food may taste better than home-cooked meals due to professional cooking techniques and high-quality ingredients.

    Culinary Studies and Comfort

    • The study of chemical reactions during cooking is known as culinary science.
    • Familiar and safe flavors influence the perception of cuisines, encouraging acceptance of new foods.
    • Anthelme Brillat-Savarin noted that food can reveal personal identity and cultural background.

    Cultural Food Consumption

    • Immigrants may feel compelled to consume their new culture's foods to integrate and maintain social ties.
    • Nutritionally complete cuisines can be achieved through diverse and balanced food varieties.
    • Cultural beliefs, such as food restrictions or preferences, shape culinary practices and traditions.

    Cuisine Characteristics

    • A significant cultural food belief may either support or undermine healthful eating habits.
    • Elisabeth Rozin identified primary elements of cuisine, not focusing solely on individual food items.
    • True cuisine is characterized by sustainability, adaptability, and a variety of dishes.

    Taste and Personal Experience

    • Highly preferred tastes include sweetness, umami, and creamy textures.
    • An author found it challenging to find satisfying food in Japan, leading to a search for familiarity.
    • Dessert ordered at a Western-style restaurant in Japan included a classic favorite, showcasing cross-cultural dining.

    Chocolate Desires

    • Approximately 60% of American women crave chocolate.
    • Self-identified chocoholics reported consuming an average of two 2-ounce bars weekly.
    • Recent research indicates chocolate consumption is linked to mood enhancement and pleasure.

    Pizza Varieties and Preferences

    • A restaurant offered diverse pizza types, catering to varying taste preferences, and elicited a nostalgic response.
    • Cuisines often combine astringent and fatty elements, enhancing flavor complexity.

    Cultural and Agricultural Insights

    • Hindus in India consider cows sacred, leading to cultural prohibitions against eating beef.
    • This respect for cows has economic advantages, enhancing agricultural productivity.
    • Native Americans often use specific seasonings, reflecting regional culinary practices.

    Cooking Elements and Health

    • Capsaicin, the active component in chiles, offers flavor but can also contribute to health aspects such as metabolism.
    • People in cold climates might prefer chiles due to perceived warming effects or cultural traditions.

    Chocolate and Emotional Associations

    • Chocolate is often symbolically linked to love and intimacy, enhancing its desirability.
    • Some individuals report reduced feelings of depression after consuming chocolate, attributed to its pleasurable effect.
    • Strategies like mindfulness and moderation can help manage chocolate cravings.

    Wine Tasting Experience

    • The wine-tasting process begins with visual assessment, followed by swirling to release aromas.
    • Carbonation plays a role in how wines are perceived on the palate, affecting mouthfeel.
    • Wine tasters rely on sensory judgment, often aided by palate cleansing methods like bread between different wines.

    Ethical and Historical Food Practices

    • Evidence of cannibalism among Anasazi tribes has been suggested through archaeological findings.
    • Some individuals avoid eating meat for ethical reasons or personal beliefs about food sources.
    • The interdisciplinary approach to studying food psychology encompasses sensory experiences, cultural heritage, and health implications.

    Cultural and Culinary Economies

    • The sacred status of cows in India benefits local economies and supports sustainable farming practices.
    • Prohibitions against cannibalism relate to cultural norms of species preservation and moral considerations.
    • Research methods like biochemical analysis have been used to investigate historical cannibalistic practices.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on the psychology of food preferences with this quiz. Discover the surprising results of a study that explored how fat and sugar content affects our perception of taste. Challenge yourself to answer questions based on the research findings.

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