Podcast
Questions and Answers
Organizations are a ______ component of contemporary society.
Organizations are a ______ component of contemporary society.
dominant
To assess the state of an organization, one might look at labor unions and their ______ of companies.
To assess the state of an organization, one might look at labor unions and their ______ of companies.
operations
Organizations often have outcomes that are either intentional or unintentional, recognized or not ______.
Organizations often have outcomes that are either intentional or unintentional, recognized or not ______.
recognized
Both networks and ______ enable individuals to achieve goals that they cannot do alone.
Both networks and ______ enable individuals to achieve goals that they cannot do alone.
A collectivity with a relatively identifiable boundary is an ______.
A collectivity with a relatively identifiable boundary is an ______.
Bureaucratized organizations tend to foster intellectuality, openness, and more ______ individuals.
Bureaucratized organizations tend to foster intellectuality, openness, and more ______ individuals.
The individual's recognition with the organization is stronger if a number of individual ______ are satisfied in the organization.
The individual's recognition with the organization is stronger if a number of individual ______ are satisfied in the organization.
Virtual organizations include trends such as home-based work, or ______, where people work from home.
Virtual organizations include trends such as home-based work, or ______, where people work from home.
Organizations serve as the context in which individuals work, shaping their ______.
Organizations serve as the context in which individuals work, shaping their ______.
[Blank] are designed to make the working environment more accommodating and supportive of individual circumstances such as job sharing and flex time.
[Blank] are designed to make the working environment more accommodating and supportive of individual circumstances such as job sharing and flex time.
Corporate ______ plays a role in benefitting the community.
Corporate ______ plays a role in benefitting the community.
Organizations can cause ______ or can be accident victims.
Organizations can cause ______ or can be accident victims.
Organizations participate in governmental and public policy through ______.
Organizations participate in governmental and public policy through ______.
The modern ______ has become the dominant institution in our times, wielding unparalleled power.
The modern ______ has become the dominant institution in our times, wielding unparalleled power.
Organizations are affected by society, and they also affect ______.
Organizations are affected by society, and they also affect ______.
An example of how organizations affect social change is through changing ______ patterns.
An example of how organizations affect social change is through changing ______ patterns.
Organizations are active participants in the social-change process and this is most readily seen in the ______ arena.
Organizations are active participants in the social-change process and this is most readily seen in the ______ arena.
[Blank] is a process of absorbing new elements into the leadership to avert threats to its stability.
[Blank] is a process of absorbing new elements into the leadership to avert threats to its stability.
According to Selznick, organizations use organizational practices as a ______ when unrestrained by constitutional order.
According to Selznick, organizations use organizational practices as a ______ when unrestrained by constitutional order.
Lasting movements toward change must come about through the organizational ______.
Lasting movements toward change must come about through the organizational ______.
Voluntary organizations generally consist of participants who do not derive their ______ from its activities.
Voluntary organizations generally consist of participants who do not derive their ______ from its activities.
To study why organizations have a dominant impact on society is to study ______.
To study why organizations have a dominant impact on society is to study ______.
The existence of an organization depends on its identifiable ______.
The existence of an organization depends on its identifiable ______.
Most analysis of the impact of organizations on individuals tends to focus on the ______.
Most analysis of the impact of organizations on individuals tends to focus on the ______.
Organizations have developed policies to be more individual and "______ friendly".
Organizations have developed policies to be more individual and "______ friendly".
Organizations can have a harmful impact, contributing to ______ through means such as crime-coercive or crime-facilitative actions.
Organizations can have a harmful impact, contributing to ______ through means such as crime-coercive or crime-facilitative actions.
Modern corporations have become the dominant societal institution, wielding influence on law, ______, and social life.
Modern corporations have become the dominant societal institution, wielding influence on law, ______, and social life.
Organizations utilize active ______ agents to make change.
Organizations utilize active ______ agents to make change.
Changes in work being performed by the organization are often paired with waves of ______.
Changes in work being performed by the organization are often paired with waves of ______.
Those seeking election will often go to great lengths, and use means such as ______, to build coalitions with an organization.
Those seeking election will often go to great lengths, and use means such as ______, to build coalitions with an organization.
Social systems evolve through the interactions of individual organizations, with some thriving while others ______.
Social systems evolve through the interactions of individual organizations, with some thriving while others ______.
Organization analysis includes the role of organizations and is dull until the crucial role is ______.
Organization analysis includes the role of organizations and is dull until the crucial role is ______.
Organizations impact individuals; if the goals of the organization are perceived as ______, the better the bond will be.
Organizations impact individuals; if the goals of the organization are perceived as ______, the better the bond will be.
If an employee feels like they are not recognized and is not promoted, this will bring about negative ______.
If an employee feels like they are not recognized and is not promoted, this will bring about negative ______.
If organizations are open to new experiences and want to promote a flexible workforce, then they may wish to promote ______.
If organizations are open to new experiences and want to promote a flexible workforce, then they may wish to promote ______.
Flashcards
Organization
Organization
A collectivity with an identifiable boundary, normative order (rules), ranks of authority (hierarchy), communication systems, and membership coordinating systems.
Why study organizations?
Why study organizations?
Organizations are a dominant component of modern society and have inevitable and inescapable impacts.
Organizational Analysis
Organizational Analysis
Assessing an organization's condition through labor unions, product quality, education, and health provision.
Why Have Organizations?
Why Have Organizations?
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Bureaucratized Organizations
Bureaucratized Organizations
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Stronger Individual Identification
Stronger Individual Identification
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Virtual Organizations
Virtual Organizations
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Organizations as Context
Organizations as Context
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Organizations and Policy
Organizations and Policy
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Legal Status
Legal Status
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Organizations and Social Change
Organizations and Social Change
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Changing Membership Patterns
Changing Membership Patterns
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Organization as Change Agent
Organization as Change Agent
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Co-optation
Co-optation
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Organizational Weapon
Organizational Weapon
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Conclusion
Conclusion
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Organizations and Philanthropy
Organizations and Philanthropy
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Internal Organizational Changes
Internal Organizational Changes
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Volunteer Organizations
Volunteer Organizations
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Societal Impacts
Societal Impacts
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Study Notes
The Nature of Organizations
- Unit 1 introduces the nature of organizations within the realm of sociology
Learning Outcomes
- Identify the nature, concept, and relevance of organizations in society
- Examine the outcomes of organizations for individuals, communities, society, and the international order
- Analyze the impact of organizations to individuals and society
Topic Outline
- Nature of organization
- Organization and individuals
- Organization and community
- Impact of organization to community
- Organizational outcomes
- Harmful and beneficial aspects of organization to community
The Study of Organizations
- Organizations are studied to understand their dominance in contemporary society
Reasons to Study Organizations
- Organizations are a dominant component of contemporary society
- Organizations have outcomes
Organizational Society
- Society becoming a society of organizations is inevitable and impossible to escape as stated by Perrow in 1991
Organizational Management Assessment
- Organizational analysis assesses the state of the organization
- Can be related to Labor Unions operations, manufacturer reputations, education, or health provider
Organizational Outcomes
- Outcomes can be intentional or unintentional, recognized or not, according to Merton (1957)
- Public schools being provided with more resources affects student performance
Why Organizations Exist
- Organizations enable people to achieve things that cannot be done alone
Types of Organizations
- Religious
- Academic/School/University
- Labor Union
- NGOs on Climate Change Adaptation or Gender and Development
- Government
- Hospital/Medical (Health Care Agencies)
- School-Based Organizations/Clubs
- Fraternities/Sororities
- Business Firm/Company
- Political Party/Organization
Definition of Organization
- A collectivity with an identifiable boundary and normative order (rules) and a hierarchy
- A collectivity that includes communication & membership coordinating systems (procedures)
- A collectivity engaging in activities related to a set of goals and having outcomes for members, the organization, and society
Organizations and Individuals
- Bureaucratized organizations are intellectually flexible, open to new experiences, and self-directed
- These organizations require a well-educated workforce and provide job protection, higher salaries, and complex work as stated by Kohn in 1971
Analysis of Organization's Impact
- The impact of organizations on individuals primarily focusses on work
- An individual's identification is stronger with an organization when their needs are met
- Enhanced identification exists when organizational goals align with individual perceptions, promote interaction, and reduce internal competition
Virtual Organizations
- Telecommuting involves individuals working from home, connected to employers via electronic communications as according to Lozano in 1989
Organizations as Context
- Organizations are where people work, where individual performance is shaped
- Scientific productivity is affected by the work context in organizations
- Growing organizations lead to promotional opportunities as mentioned by Rosenbaum in 1979
Organizational Policies
- Policies in organizations are developed to be individual and "family friendly"; these include:
- Job sharing
- Flextime
- Telecommuting
- Shortened workweeks
Corporate Philanthropy
- Organizations participating in community affairs include corporate philanthropy
- Philanthropy is based on interorganizational linkages among business firms, as found by Crittenden in 1978
- Middle managers' involvement with community affairs was noted by Christenson et al. in 1988
Organizational Impacts
- Organizations are linked to accidents, crimes, and potential harm
- Harmful impacts may be crime-coercive, crime-facilitative, or involve authority leakage
Societal Influence
- Organizations are active in developing and implementing policies, including lobbying
- The modern corporation has become the dominant institution, influencing social life
Organizational Responsibility
- Organizations can be held legally responsible for certain actions, such as major incidents
- This includes Air New Zealand being responsible for a crash in 1981 and Ford Motor Company being charged with homicide in the 1970s
Organizations and Social Change
- Organizations both affect and are affected by society and foster or impede social change
Active Change Agents and Resisters of Change
- Internal changes in organizations have social-change outcomes
- Internal organizational changes impact social structure through changing membership patterns and altered patterns of work
Shifting Membership Patterns
- The employment of women in the labor force has structural changes in family roles for and patterns of childbearing
Adjustments in Work Performance
- The manner in which work is performed and waves of downsizing have societal impacts
Social-Change Involvement
- Organizations are actively involved in the social-change process through the political arena
- They lobby for legislation and rulings favorable to their own programs
Methods for Change
- Decisions within the organization should occur at the lowest levels with member participation, involving local citizens
- Co-optation involves absorbing new elements into leadership to avert threats to its stability
Systemic Effects of Organization
- Organizations affect the surrounding social system, benefiting some and negatively impacting others
- The dynamics of interactions with the environment affect the organization and its environment
Organizations as Tools
- Organizations can be used as tools or weapons by power-seeking elites, unrestrained by constitutional order as noted by Selznick
Organizational Mode
- Sustained change requires organization, as spontaneous actions might be sincere, prolonged change comes through organizational mode
Organized Groups
- Most participants will not derive their livelihoods from its activities but may receive pay as leaders as according to Koke and Prensky in 1984
- Organizations may promote economic or non-economic concerns
Conclusion
- A good organizational analysis is essential to understand the role of organizations in society
- A deeper understanding provides a way in which individuals can understand and deal with certain realities better
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