38 Questions
Where are lymphoid nodules typically found?
Respiratory and digestive tracts
What is the function of tonsils in the immune system?
Developing immunity to oral pathogens
Which organ is known as the 'filter of the Blood'?
Spleen
What type of cells are present in lymph nodes to kill pathogens?
Dendritic cells and macrophages
What do afferent lymphatic vessels do in relation to lymph nodes?
Enter the lymph node
What is the main function of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)?
Lymphoid follicles on GI tract, breast tissue, lungs, and eyes
Which immune response is slower to develop but highly specific and effective at attacking a wide variety of pathogens?
Adaptive immune response
Which of the following accurately describes the lymphatic system's function?
It filters pathogens from the blood and returns excess fluid to the bloodstream.
What is the role of natural killer cells in the immune system?
Inducing apoptosis in infected cells
Which of the following statements about lymph nodes is true?
Lymph nodes are major staging areas for the development of critical immune responses.
Which protein puts holes in the membranes of infected cells?
Perforin
Which of the following statements about the structure of lymphatic vessels is correct?
Lymphatic capillaries are composed of simple squamous epithelial cells.
What signaling molecule allows nearby cells to communicate in the immune system?
Cytokine
Which of the following is NOT a component of the immune system's defense mechanisms?
Humoral immune response, mediated by antibodies produced by plasma cells
Which innate immune cell is attracted via chemotaxis and acts like reinforcements?
Neutrophil
Which of the following statements about leukocytes is correct?
Granular leukocytes mediate immune responses against parasites and pathogens like bacteria and viruses.
What type of immunity involves lymphoid follicles on the bronchi effective against inhaled pathogens?
BALT immunity
Which of the following statements about B cells is correct?
B cells produce plasma cells that secrete antibodies.
Which pathway forms pores in the plasma membrane as part of the complement system in the immune response?
Classic pathway
What triggers vasodilation and increased capillary permeability during an inflammatory response?
Histamine
Which cells become effective against virally infected cells by releasing the Fas ligand or perforins?
Natural killer cells
What type of immunity is continuously working and includes skin, sweat, and normal flora as key components?
Innate immunity
What is the main function of Helper T cells?
Regulate activity of macrophages and other T cells
What is the primary function of Cytotoxic T cells?
Kill target cells by inducing apoptosis
What type of immunity is resistance to a pathogen that is acquired?
Active immunity
Which antibody class is mainly associated with allergic reactions and anaphylaxis?
IgE
What is the main characteristic of IgA antibodies?
Secreted form protects mucosal surfaces
Which cell type is responsible for flushing out parasites after being labeled by IgE?
Eosinophils
What is the mechanism through which cytotoxic T cells kill target cells?
Inducing apoptosis
How do B cells recognize antigens compared to T cells?
Without requiring antigen presenting cells
What is the primary function of memory B cells?
React like memory T cells upon re-exposure to antigen
What is the primary role of Regulatory T cells in the immune system?
Suppress other T cell immune responses
What is a key characteristic of the HIV virus that makes developing a vaccine challenging?
It replicates rapidly, leading to a high mutation rate.
In a Type 3 hypersensitivity reaction, where do antigen-antibody complexes accumulate, causing inflammation?
Along the lining of blood vessels
Which type of hypersensitivity reaction is characterized by a rapid response involving mast cell degranulation and is treated with antihistamines and epinephrine?
Type 1 (Immediate)
In the context of organ transplantation, what is the significance of matching MHC alleles between the donor and recipient?
It ensures the recipient's immune system does not reject the transplanted organ.
What is a potential reason for the lower incidence of autoimmune diseases in countries with high rates of infectious diseases?
The immune system is preoccupied with fighting infectious pathogens, reducing the likelihood of autoimmune responses.
What is a potential complication of cancer that involves the immune system?
Infiltration of T cells into the tumor microenvironment can indicate a poor prognosis.
Test your knowledge of the anatomy of the lymphatic and immune systems, including functions such as destroying pathogens, filtering lymph, and absorbing dietary lipids. This quiz covers topics like immune system cells, lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, and more.
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