The Lymphatic and Immune System Chapter 21: Anatomy Overview
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Questions and Answers

What is the function of lymphocytes in the immune system?

  • Filter excess fluid from the bloodstream
  • Ingest pathogens
  • Help mediate immune response against parasites
  • Produce plasma cells (correct)

How does lymph move in the body?

  • By bone marrow production
  • By muscle contraction (correct)
  • By pumping action of the heart
  • By ingesting pathogens

Which area of the body has no lymph vessels according to the text?

  • CNS (correct)
  • Kidneys
  • Liver
  • Heart

What is the major staging area for the development of a critical immune response?

<p>Lymph node (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which immune system component coordinates the adaptive immunity response?

<p>B cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do larger lymphatic vessels have that helps keep lymph moving towards the heart?

<p>Valves (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of lymph nodes?

<p>Remove debris and pathogens from lymph (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the spleen?

<p>Filter blood (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic feature of lymphoid nodules?

<p>Dense cluster of lymphocytes without a fibrous capsule (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organ is important in developing immunity to oral pathogens?

<p>Tonsils (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do afferent lymphatic vessels do in relation to lymph nodes?

<p>Enter the lymph node (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is swelling of tonsils observed during an infection?

<p>Active immune response to infection (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which immune response is rapid, nonspecific, and not always effective?

<p>Innate immune response (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of natural killer cells in the immune system?

<p>Induce apoptosis in infected cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of macrophages in the immune system?

<p>Phagocytosis and defense (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cells are attracted to an injured area by leukotrienes during the inflammatory response?

<p>Neutrophils (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of Interferons in the immune system?

<p>Induce nearby cells to produce antiviral proteins (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of antigen binds to receptors on T cells for antigen recognition?

<p>Protein antigen (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which type of inflammation does the body respond to persistent pathogens and autoimmune diseases?

<p>Chronic inflammation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which molecules cause vasodilation and capillary permeability during the inflammatory response?

<p>Histamine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which signaling molecules allow two nearby cells to communicate?

<p>Cytokines (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of plasma cells?

<p>Secrete soluble antibodies (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of Natural Killer cells?

<p>Contain cell-killing granules and provide an innate immune response against viruses and some cancers (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not considered a secondary lymphoid organ?

<p>Thymus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the thymus gland?

<p>Maturation of T cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between the red and yellow bone marrow?

<p>Red bone marrow is the site of hematopoiesis (blood cell production), while yellow bone marrow is primarily composed of fat cells for energy storage (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of immune cell is responsible for presenting antigens to T cells?

<p>Dendritic cell (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of negative selection during T cell development?

<p>To eliminate T cells that might attack the body's own cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of helper T cells?

<p>To secrete cytokines that enhance other immune responses (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which class of antibody is the first to be produced during a primary immune response?

<p>IgM (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of IgA antibodies?

<p>To protect mucosal surfaces from infection (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between active and passive immunity?

<p>Active immunity involves the production of memory cells, while passive immunity does not. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do cytotoxic T cells typically kill their target cells?

<p>By inducing apoptosis in the target cell (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of IgE antibodies?

<p>To trigger the release of inflammatory mediators from mast cells and basophils (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism by which the immune system fights fungal infections?

<p>Phagocytosis by macrophages and neutrophils (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism by which the immune system fights viral infections?

<p>Killing by cytotoxic T cells and NK cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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