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Questions and Answers
What was a significant change that occurred as the Industrial Revolution progressed from the cottage industry?
What was a significant change that occurred as the Industrial Revolution progressed from the cottage industry?
Which of the following inventions was NOT developed during the early phases of the Industrial Revolution?
Which of the following inventions was NOT developed during the early phases of the Industrial Revolution?
What directly resulted from the agricultural revolution prior to the Industrial Revolution?
What directly resulted from the agricultural revolution prior to the Industrial Revolution?
What were crucial factors that enabled Britain to lead the Industrial Revolution?
What were crucial factors that enabled Britain to lead the Industrial Revolution?
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Which invention significantly improved transportation during the Industrial Revolution?
Which invention significantly improved transportation during the Industrial Revolution?
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What was one major advantage of using steel over iron during the Industrial Revolution?
What was one major advantage of using steel over iron during the Industrial Revolution?
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Which invention is attributed to Thomas Edison and Joseph Swan during the Industrial Revolution?
Which invention is attributed to Thomas Edison and Joseph Swan during the Industrial Revolution?
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How did transportation innovations during the Industrial Revolution impact global trade?
How did transportation innovations during the Industrial Revolution impact global trade?
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What was a negative consequence of the Industrial Revolution for workers?
What was a negative consequence of the Industrial Revolution for workers?
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What critical perspective did Karl Marx have regarding industrial capitalism?
What critical perspective did Karl Marx have regarding industrial capitalism?
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Study Notes
The Industrial Revolution
- The Industrial Revolution began in Britain's textile, or cloth, industry. British merchants imported raw cotton from India, spun it into thread, and then wove it into cloth.
- Merchants wanted to expand the cotton industry in England. They developed a system where raw cotton was sent to peasant families. Workers spun and wove the cotton, then sent it back to the merchants. This was called the cottage industry.
- Production was slow under the cottage industry. Inventors developed tools like the spinning jenny (spun many threads at one time) and the water-powered loom (wove cloth quickly).
- Machines were powered by water, so factories were built near rivers.
- Large sheds were built to house the machines because some machines were too large to be kept in people's homes. This led to the shift from cottage industries to factories – spinners and weavers came to work in these factories instead of working at home.
- The Industrial Revolution also began with an agricultural revolution in the early 1700s. Large landowners bought land, enclosing it by fences or hedges, and taking it away from poorer farmers. These fields were then used to make goods other than food. These enclosed farms were more productive, which led to a food surplus.
- Fewer farmers were needed to grow food, so more people moved to cities to work in factories.
Factors of Production
- Great Britain had all the resources needed for industrialization: coal, water, iron ore, rivers, harbors, and banks.
- These resources, plus land, labor, and capital, are factors needed for the Industrial Revolution.
Inventions Helping Businesses
- The Industrial Revolution started in the textile industry. Several new inventions sped up the process of making cloth.
- Richard Arkwright invented the water frame in 1769, making yarn quickly.
- Edmund Cartwright developed the power loom in 1787, speeding up the cloth-making process.
- The power loom was a large machine that ran on water power. Business owners built large factories to house these machines near rivers. These factories needed water power to run them.
Improvements in Transportation
- In 1705, the steam engine was invented and brought a new source of power.
- The steam engine drove the machines of factories.
- Eventually steam-driven engines were used to heat water and produce steam– the power of the steam drove the engine.
- Robert Fulton invented the first steam-driven boat in the early 1800s
- George Stephenson, a British engineer, set up the world’s first railroad line in Great Britain. It used a steam-driven locomotive. Railroads were being built all over Britain.
- The railroad boom helped business owners move their goods to market more efficiently, creating jobs and transport throughout the country.
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Description
Explore the key developments and impacts of the Industrial Revolution, starting from Britain's textile industry. Learn about the transition from cottage industries to factories and the innovations that fueled production growth. This quiz covers essential inventions and the socio-economic changes of the era.
