The History of the Philippines (CRUZ/Revo)

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Questions and Answers

What was a method for a slave to gain freedom in pre-Spanish Philippines?

Performing religious duties

Marriage to a freeman (correct)

Joining the military

Working for a noble

What was the role of a datu in the barangay government?

To act as chief executive and judge (correct)

To manage trade with other barangays

To solely make laws

To lead the agricultural practices

In pre-Spanish Filipino society, who typically had more tattoos?

Men (correct)

Children

Women

Freemen

Which of the following best describes the position of women in ancient Filipino society?

On equal footing with men Signup and view all the answers

What was the supreme deity worshipped in pre-Spanish Filipino religion?

Bathal Signup and view all the answers

Who led the revolution that achieved Philippine independence from 1898-1901?

General Emilio Aguinaldo Signup and view all the answers

What happens in a barangay if a datu dies without an heir?

The freemen elect a new leader Signup and view all the answers

How could a slave earn enough money to purchase their freedom?

By saving wages from work Signup and view all the answers

What major event did the Philippines lead in 1986?

A peaceful People Power revolution Signup and view all the answers

Which mineral deposit is notably the largest in the Philippines?

Nickel at Nonoc Isle Signup and view all the answers

Which of these social classes was not present in pre-Spanish Filipino society?

Merchants Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes the cultural history of the Philippines from other regions?

A peaceful integration of diverse peoples and customs Signup and view all the answers

Which Southeast Asian nation was the first to achieve independence after World War II?

Philippines Signup and view all the answers

What is considered one of the richest underdeveloped iron deposits in the world located in the Philippines?

Surigao Signup and view all the answers

What type of heritage do Filipinos predominantly assimilate into their culture?

A mix of Asian, European, Latin, and American heritage Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant characteristic of Filipinos in relation to other cultures?

Easily accept and adjust to different cultures Signup and view all the answers

What materials did ancient writers in the Philippines predominantly use for writing?

Bamboo and tree bark Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the significant written record that was revealed to be a forgery?

The Code of Kalantiaw Signup and view all the answers

Which calamity wiped out many important written records and relics in the Philippines?

World War II Signup and view all the answers

Where is the ancient gold image of Agusan currently located?

The Chicago Museum of Natural History Signup and view all the answers

How has poverty affected the preservation of Filipino history?

Left social scientists and institutions in a dire state Signup and view all the answers

What term describes the phenomenon of Filipino scholars seeking opportunities abroad?

Brain drain Signup and view all the answers

What did wars and calamities do to the Filipiniana treasures?

They led to their destruction Signup and view all the answers

Which location experienced catastrophic destruction of key historical resources similar to the Philippines during World War II?

Warsaw Signup and view all the answers

What was the capital of the Sri Vijaya Empire?

Palembang Signup and view all the answers

Which religion did the Majapahit Empire primarily follow?

Hinduism Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following images was excavated near the town of Esperanza?

Gold Image of Agusan Signup and view all the answers

What significant claim about the political influence of the Sri Vijaya and Majapahit Empires is disputed?

They had no influence on the Philippines. Signup and view all the answers

What is the origin of the Copper Image of Ganesha?

It belonged to the Majapahit period. Signup and view all the answers

Which item excavated is believed to be a representation of a Buddhist goddess?

Gold Image of Agusan Signup and view all the answers

In what year was the Clay Medallion of Calatagan excavated?

1958 Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic is shared by both the Sri Vijaya and Majapahit Empires?

Both were influenced by Indian culture. Signup and view all the answers

What were the ancestral spirits revered by early Filipinos called?

Anitos Signup and view all the answers

What did early Filipinos believe would happen to a virtuous soul in the afterlife?

It would enter heaven. Signup and view all the answers

Where did early Filipinos commonly place their dead?

In caves, or near their homes. Signup and view all the answers

What significant event occurred on March 31, 1521, in the Philippines?

The first Catholic Mass was celebrated. Signup and view all the answers

Who was the chief of Mactan that resisted Magellan's forces?

Lapu-Lapu Signup and view all the answers

How did early Filipinos treat their burial practices?

With care and rituals. Signup and view all the answers

Who performed the rituals to honor ancestral spirits?

Katalona or Babaylan Signup and view all the answers

What did Magellan underestimate during the Battle of Mactan?

Lapu-Lapu's determination and fighting skill. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Unique Characteristics of the Philippines

Predominantly Christian nation, distinguishing the Philippines in Asia and globally.
Achieved independence through revolution (1898-1901) led by General Emilio Aguinaldo.
First Southeast Asian country to gain independence post-World War II in 1946.
Pioneered the "People Power" revolution in 1986, showcasing democratic resistance.
Cultural heritage blends indigenous Asian, European, Latin, and American influences.

Mineral Wealth and Resources

Rich in diverse minerals: gold, silver, iron, copper, lead, manganese, zinc, coal, and more.
Significant reserves of oil, gas, and seabed minerals.
Ancient gold mining dates back to pre-Magellanic times; copper mining flourishes in Mankayan.
Surigao holds an estimated 1 billion-ton iron ore deposit, the largest in the Philippines.
Nonoc Isle off northern Mindanao contains the world's largest nickel deposit.

Cultural Melting Pot

Philippines' location facilitated peaceful integration of various cultures.
Experiencing less violent clashes compared to other colonized regions such as Latin America.
Historical records primarily destroyed due to the use of perishable materials for writing, like bamboo and tree bark.
Noteworthy ancient findings include undeciphered inscriptions from Calatagan and Butuan.
Wars, fires, and calamities have resulted in significant loss of cultural treasures, particularly during World War II.

Emigration and "Brain Drain"

Many Filipino scholars seek opportunities abroad due to lack of resources for historical study at home.
Historical artifacts have been lost to foreign collections and the destruction of local repositories.

Sri Vijaya and Majapahit Empires

Sri Vijaya Empire (683-1377) and Majapahit Empire (1293-1528) were major Indo-Malayan powers.
Sri Vijaya: Capital in Palembang, Sumatra; primarily followed Mahayana Buddhism.
Majapahit: Succeeded Sri Vijaya, capital in Java; adhered to Hinduism.
Claims of Philippine subjugation by these empires lack substantial evidence.

Indian Influence on Filipino Culture

Archaeological finds confirm Indian influences during the Sri Vijaya and Majapahit periods.
Significant relics include:
- Gold Image of Agusan: Represented a Hindu goddess or possibly Buddhist Tara.
- Bronze Image of Mactan: Interpretation varies between god Siva or Lokesvara.
- Copper Image of Ganesha: Associated with Majapahit, lost in fires.
- Clay Medallion of Calatagan: Linked to 12th or 13th century A.D. warrior culture.

Three main social classes: nobles, freemen, slaves.
Slaves could gain freedom through marriage, purchase, or master's decision.
Women's high status in society allowed property ownership and inheritance rights.

Barangay System and Governance

Independent village-kingdoms called barangays were led by a chieftain, or datu.
Datus wielded significant authority but required elder approval for major decisions.

Religion and Beliefs

Predominant pagan beliefs with acknowledgment of a supreme deity, Bathal.
Ancestral spirits revered as anitos or diwatas, celebrated through rituals by priestesses.
Afterlife beliefs included heaven for virtuous souls and hell for wicked individuals.

Important Historical Events

March 25, 1521: Ferdinand Magellan's fleet arrives in Butuan, first recorded blood compact takes place.
March 31, 1521: The first Catholic Mass celebrated in the Philippines.
April 27, 1521: The Battle of Mactan fought against chief Lapu-Lapu, highlighting early resistance to colonization.

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Description

Explore the unique history of the Philippines, focusing on its predominantly Christian culture and significant political milestones. This quiz covers key events, including the revolutionary independence led by General Emilio Aguinaldo and the landmark 'People Power' revolution in 1986. Test your knowledge of the Philippines' journey and cultural heritage.