20 Questions
What event occurred on December 10, 1898, during the Second Phase of the Philippine Revolution?
The United States purchased the Philippines from Spain for $20,000,000 in the Treaty of Paris
Who made a secret agreement with Governor-General Fermin Jaudenes during the Second Phase of the Philippine Revolution?
Commodore George Dewey
What was the significance of the mock battle of Manila Bay on August 13, 1898, in the context of the Philippine Revolution?
Spain surrendered to the United States
Who criticized Aguinaldo’s attitude of tolerance during the Philippine Revolution?
Mabini
What was declared by Aguinaldo in Kawit, Cavite, during the Second Phase of the Philippine Revolution?
Philippine Independence
What was the primary reason for the poor's involvement in the Philippine Revolution, according to the passage?
Resentment towards the detrimental effects of the commercial economy
How did Aguinaldo's cabinet view the participation of workers and peasants in the revolution?
They were suspicious of their motivations and tried to regulate their participation.
What was the main issue regarding land ownership that contributed to the poor's involvement in the revolution?
Resentment towards the Catholic Church and religious orders
How did the ilustrado leaders, such as Teodoro Sandico, view the role of the poor in the revolution?
They saw the poor as a necessary but unruly element that needed to be disciplined and subordinated.
What was the key difference between the mainstream nationalist movement and the 'poor's' participation in the Philippine Revolution, according to the passage?
The poor's involvement was driven by local, context-specific grievances rather than broader nationalist ideals.
Which of the following events marked the beginning of the Second Phase of the Philippine Revolution?
The Spanish fleet sinking the U.S.S. Maine in Havana
Why were the ilustrados, or the elite class, hesitant to fully support Aguinaldo's revolutionary movement?
They feared losing their privileged status under Spanish rule
Which of the following actions did Aguinaldo and Mabini take to engage the elite in the revolutionary movement?
They offered greater autonomy to the principalia in 'liberated' provinces
What was the significance of Aguinaldo appointing Cayetano Arellano and Trinidad Pardo de Tavera to prominent positions in his cabinet?
It demonstrated his willingness to include the elite in the revolutionary government
What factor ultimately led to the resignation of Cayetano Arellano and Trinidad Pardo de Tavera from Aguinaldo's cabinet?
Their mutual incompatibility with Aguinaldo's ideas of independence
Why did the Truce of Biak-na-Bato fail to end the Philippine Revolution?
Aguinaldo and his exiled companions continued to plan for armed resistance.
What was the primary factor that led to the outbreak of the Philippine-American War?
The disagreement between Aguinaldo and the U.S. over the future of the Philippines.
Which of the following statements best describes Aguinaldo's idea of independence for the Philippines?
Aguinaldo advocated for the immediate and complete independence of the Philippines.
Which of the following was a primary factor that contributed to the rise of the Philippine Revolution against Spanish rule?
The influence of the ilustrados and their ideas of nationalism and reform.
What was the significance of the $800,000 payment agreed upon in the Truce of Biak-na-Bato?
It was a bribe paid by the Spanish government to Aguinaldo to end the revolution.
Study Notes
The Second Phase of the Philippine Revolution
- Aguinaldo declares a temporary dictatorial government on May 24, 1898
- Commodore George Dewey makes a secret agreement with Governor-General Fermin Jaudenes
- The United States purchases the Philippines from Spain for $20,000,000 in the Treaty of Paris
- Mabini criticizes Aguinaldo's attitude of tolerance
- Aguinaldo declares Philippine Independence in Kawit, Cavite on June 12, 1898
- Spain surrenders to the United States in the mock battle of Manila Bay on August 13, 1898
The Revolution and the Dilemma of the Poor
- The poor's involvement and ideals for independence are less documented and more diverse
- Their motivations are rooted in local contexts
- Issues causing sentiment for independence among the poor include:
- Detrimental effects of the commercial economy on peasants and workers
- Land ownership issues tied to hatred towards friars and religious orders
- Threat of conscription to the military
- Growing class divide
- Uprisings of peasants and workers were discouraged
The Revolution and the Dilemma of the Rich
- Leaders of the revolution recognized the need for ilustrado support
- Attempts to involve the elite in the revolution ranged from pandering to coercion
- Aguinaldo was willing to concede control over policy to the elite
- Ilustrado support was lukewarm at best
- Efforts to engage the elite included:
- Offering greater autonomy to the principalia in 'liberated' provinces
- Appointing men with "high character, social position, and honorable conduct" to positions of power
Explore the key events and figures during the Philippine Revolution, including Aguinaldo's idea of independence and the United States' purchase of the Philippines from Spain. Test your knowledge on this important period in Philippine history.
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