Philippine Revolution and Independence Movements

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Questions and Answers

What event occurred on December 10, 1898, during the Second Phase of the Philippine Revolution?

Aguinaldo declared a (temporary) dictatorial government

Mabini criticized Aguinaldo’s attitude of tolerance

The United States purchased the Philippines from Spain for $20,000,000 in the Treaty of Paris (correct)

Commodore George Dewey made a secret agreement with Governor-General Fermin Jaudenes

Who made a secret agreement with Governor-General Fermin Jaudenes during the Second Phase of the Philippine Revolution?

Commodore George Dewey (correct)

Mabini

Aguinaldo

General Fermin Jaudenes

What was the significance of the mock battle of Manila Bay on August 13, 1898, in the context of the Philippine Revolution?

Aguinaldo declared a dictatorial government

Aguinaldo declared Philippine Independence in Kawit, Cavite

Spain surrendered to the United States (correct)

Aguinaldo's idea of independence was misaligned with the 'poor's' idea

Who criticized Aguinaldo’s attitude of tolerance during the Philippine Revolution?

Mabini Signup and view all the answers

What was declared by Aguinaldo in Kawit, Cavite, during the Second Phase of the Philippine Revolution?

Philippine Independence Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary reason for the poor's involvement in the Philippine Revolution, according to the passage?

Resentment towards the detrimental effects of the commercial economy Signup and view all the answers

How did Aguinaldo's cabinet view the participation of workers and peasants in the revolution?

They were suspicious of their motivations and tried to regulate their participation. Signup and view all the answers

What was the main issue regarding land ownership that contributed to the poor's involvement in the revolution?

Resentment towards the Catholic Church and religious orders Signup and view all the answers

How did the ilustrado leaders, such as Teodoro Sandico, view the role of the poor in the revolution?

They saw the poor as a necessary but unruly element that needed to be disciplined and subordinated. Signup and view all the answers

What was the key difference between the mainstream nationalist movement and the 'poor's' participation in the Philippine Revolution, according to the passage?

The poor's involvement was driven by local, context-specific grievances rather than broader nationalist ideals. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following events marked the beginning of the Second Phase of the Philippine Revolution?

The Spanish fleet sinking the U.S.S. Maine in Havana Signup and view all the answers

Why were the ilustrados, or the elite class, hesitant to fully support Aguinaldo's revolutionary movement?

They feared losing their privileged status under Spanish rule Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following actions did Aguinaldo and Mabini take to engage the elite in the revolutionary movement?

They offered greater autonomy to the principalia in 'liberated' provinces Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of Aguinaldo appointing Cayetano Arellano and Trinidad Pardo de Tavera to prominent positions in his cabinet?

It demonstrated his willingness to include the elite in the revolutionary government Signup and view all the answers

What factor ultimately led to the resignation of Cayetano Arellano and Trinidad Pardo de Tavera from Aguinaldo's cabinet?

Their mutual incompatibility with Aguinaldo's ideas of independence Signup and view all the answers

Why did the Truce of Biak-na-Bato fail to end the Philippine Revolution?

Aguinaldo and his exiled companions continued to plan for armed resistance. Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary factor that led to the outbreak of the Philippine-American War?

The disagreement between Aguinaldo and the U.S. over the future of the Philippines. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements best describes Aguinaldo's idea of independence for the Philippines?

Aguinaldo advocated for the immediate and complete independence of the Philippines. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following was a primary factor that contributed to the rise of the Philippine Revolution against Spanish rule?

The influence of the ilustrados and their ideas of nationalism and reform. Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the $800,000 payment agreed upon in the Truce of Biak-na-Bato?

It was a bribe paid by the Spanish government to Aguinaldo to end the revolution. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

The Second Phase of the Philippine Revolution

Aguinaldo declares a temporary dictatorial government on May 24, 1898
Commodore George Dewey makes a secret agreement with Governor-General Fermin Jaudenes
The United States purchases the Philippines from Spain for $20,000,000 in the Treaty of Paris
Mabini criticizes Aguinaldo's attitude of tolerance
Aguinaldo declares Philippine Independence in Kawit, Cavite on June 12, 1898
Spain surrenders to the United States in the mock battle of Manila Bay on August 13, 1898

The Revolution and the Dilemma of the Poor

The poor's involvement and ideals for independence are less documented and more diverse
Their motivations are rooted in local contexts
Issues causing sentiment for independence among the poor include:
- Detrimental effects of the commercial economy on peasants and workers
- Land ownership issues tied to hatred towards friars and religious orders
- Threat of conscription to the military
- Growing class divide
Uprisings of peasants and workers were discouraged

The Revolution and the Dilemma of the Rich

Leaders of the revolution recognized the need for ilustrado support
Attempts to involve the elite in the revolution ranged from pandering to coercion
Aguinaldo was willing to concede control over policy to the elite
Ilustrado support was lukewarm at best
Efforts to engage the elite included:
- Offering greater autonomy to the principalia in 'liberated' provinces
- Appointing men with "high character, social position, and honorable conduct" to positions of power

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Description

Explore the key events and figures during the Philippine Revolution, including Aguinaldo's idea of independence and the United States' purchase of the Philippines from Spain. Test your knowledge on this important period in Philippine history.