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Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of the heart?
What is the primary function of the heart?
What type of muscle makes up the heart?
What type of muscle makes up the heart?
Which of the following measures blood pressure?
Which of the following measures blood pressure?
What does the 'Dup' sound signify in the heart?
What does the 'Dup' sound signify in the heart?
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Why is the left ventricle thicker than the right ventricle?
Why is the left ventricle thicker than the right ventricle?
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What is the normal blood pressure reading considered standard?
What is the normal blood pressure reading considered standard?
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Which chambers of the heart are referred to as atria?
Which chambers of the heart are referred to as atria?
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What is the role of the valves in the heart?
What is the role of the valves in the heart?
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Where can you feel the pulse in the wrist?
Where can you feel the pulse in the wrist?
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What separates oxygenated blood from deoxygenated blood in the heart?
What separates oxygenated blood from deoxygenated blood in the heart?
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Study Notes
The Heart and Circulatory System
- Structure: The heart is a muscular pump composed of cardiac muscle. It has two upper chambers (atria) and two lower chambers (ventricles). The left ventricle is thicker than the right to generate higher pressure for blood flow throughout the body.
- Function: The heart pumps blood throughout the body, delivering oxygen and nutrients to cells and removing waste products.
- Heart Valves: Atrioventricular valves (between atria and ventricles) and semilunar valves (between ventricles and arteries) prevent backflow of blood. Valves open and close in a coordinated manner to ensure unidirectional blood flow. Tendons support the valves during their movement.
- Heart Sounds (Lub-Dub): The "lub" sound is from the closing of the atrioventricular valves; the "dub" sound comes from the closing of the semilunar valves.
- ECG (Electrocardiogram): This monitors electrical activity of the heart.
- Pulse: The rhythmic pressure wave in arteries, reflecting the heartbeat. Measuring pulse rate is a way to check heart rate.
- Blood Pressure: Pressure exerted by blood against artery walls. Measured in mm Hg. Systolic pressure (the higher number) is during ventricular contraction. Diastolic pressure (the lower number) is during ventricular relaxation. Normal blood pressure is 120/80 mm Hg.
- Measuring Pulse: Use two fingers on the wrist to feel the artery pulse.
- Septum: Divides the heart into left and right sides, keeping oxygenated and deoxygenated blood separate.
- Coronary Arteries: Blood vessels supplying blood (oxygen and nutrients) to the heart muscles.
- CHD (Coronary Heart Disease): Narrowing or blockage of coronary arteries; a cause of heart attack.
- Causes of CHD:
- Smoking (increases blood pressure)
- High-salt/saturated-fat diet
- Obesity (lack of exercise)
- Stress
- Genes
- Improving Lifestyle (Preventing CHD):
- Exercise (reduces weight and blood pressure)
- Smoking cessation
- Lower-salt/saturated-fat diet
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Description
Explore the intricate structure and function of the heart and circulatory system. This quiz covers the anatomy of the heart, including chambers, valves, and heart sounds, as well as essential concepts like ECG monitoring and pulse. Test your knowledge on how the heart pumps blood and maintains circulation.
