72 Questions
What is the primary function of N-linked oligosaccharides in glycoproteins?
Limit the approach of other macromolecules to the proteins of the cell surface
What is the role of sulfation in proteoglycans?
Strengthens protein-protein interactions
Where does the synthesis of glycolipids and Sphingomyelin occur?
Golgi apparatus
What is the function of the M-6-P groups added to lysosomal proteins?
Recognized by M6P-receptor proteins for packaging into specific transport vesicles
What is the primary role of the Golgi apparatus in macromolecule processing?
Modifying, sorting, and packaging macromolecules for secretion or use within the cell
What distinguishes the regulated secretory pathway from the constitutive secretory pathway?
Specific signals regulate the release of proteins in the regulated pathway
What is the function of the constitutive secretory pathway?
Secretion of proteins needed outside the cell, like extracellular matrix proteins
What is the function of the Golgi complex in lipid metabolism?
Transport of lipids around the cell
What is the consequence of the addition of sulfo groups to some proteins?
Strengthens protein-protein interactions
What is the role of the Golgi apparatus in the synthesis of proteoglycans?
Plays an important role in the synthesis of proteoglycans
What is the primary function of the Golgi complex?
Processing and sorting proteins for various cellular destinations
How many membrane-enclosed components does the Golgi complex contain?
Three: cisternae, small vesicles, and larger vacuoles
Where are the early processing enzymes located in the Golgi complex?
Near the cis face
What is the number of functional regions in which the Golgi complex is compartmentalized?
Five
What is the name of the two distinct poles of the Golgi complex?
Cis-face and trans-face
What cellular structure sends proteins and lipids to the Golgi apparatus for modification and processing?
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
What is the average number of Golgi complexes in an animal cell?
10 to 20
Which cellular destinations receive proteins processed by the Golgi complex?
Plasma membrane, secretory vesicles, and lysosomes
What is the function of the cis and trans Golgi networks?
Connecting the cis-face and trans-face to special regions
What process occurs in the Golgi complex involving the modification and synthesis of carbohydrate portions of glycoproteins?
Glycosylation
Where was the Golgi complex first described by Camillo Golgi?
In neurons
What did Camillo Golgi rename the Golgi complex in 1898?
Golgi apparatus
Where is the Golgi complex located in secretory cells?
Dispersed throughout the cell
In which cells is the Golgi complex prominent?
Secretory cells
What did the development of Electron Microscope enable scientists to observe about the Golgi complex?
Its fine structure
What is the primary function of the Golgi complex?
Processing and modifying macromolecules
What is the location of the Golgi complex in relation to the nucleus?
At one side of the nucleus
What is the number of Golgi Complex according to cell function?
Varies
Where is the Golgi complex well developed?
In secretory cells
What did Camillo Golgi detect in many cells after his initial discovery in neurons?
Golgi complex
What was the Golgi complex originally described as?
Anastomosing threads
Who first described the Golgi complex?
Camillo Golgi
What did Camillo Golgi rename the Golgi complex to in 1898?
Golgi apparatus
In which year did Camillo Golgi win the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine?
1906
Where is the Golgi complex located in relation to the nucleus?
At one side of the nucleus
In which type of cells is the Golgi complex dispersed throughout the cell?
Secretory cells
In which cells is the Golgi complex prominent (well developed)?
Secretory cells
What do Goblet cells in the intestine secrete?
Large amounts of mucus
In which cells are the Golgi Complex numbers varied according to cell function?
Secretory cells
What allowed the fine structure of the Golgi complex to be observed?
Electron Microscope
What are the flattened, membrane-enclosed, disc-shaped compartments in the Golgi complex called?
Cisternae
What is the primary function of the Golgi complex?
Processing and sorting proteins for various cellular destinations
Where are the early processing enzymes located in the Golgi complex?
Near the cis face
What is the consequence of the addition of sulfo groups to some proteins?
Increased degradation of proteins
What is the number of membrane-enclosed components in the Golgi complex?
Three
What is the function of the cis and trans Golgi networks?
Sorting and directing proteins
What is the function of the constitutive secretory pathway?
Export of newly synthesized proteins
What is the function of the M-6-P groups added to lysosomal proteins?
Targeting proteins for degradation
What is the name of the two distinct poles of the Golgi complex?
Cis-face and trans-face
What is the average number of Golgi complexes in an animal cell?
10 to 20
Where does the Golgi apparatus receive proteins and lipids from for modification and processing?
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
What is the primary role of the Golgi apparatus in macromolecule processing?
Carbohydrate modification
What did Camillo Golgi initially describe the Golgi complex as in neurons?
Anastomosing threads called the internal reticular apparatus
Where is the Golgi complex located in secretory cells?
Dispersed throughout the cell
What is the primary function of the Golgi complex?
Processing and modifying macromolecules
What are examples of secretory cells with prominent Golgi complexes?
Intestine Goblet cells and pancreas acinar cells
What did Camillo Golgi originally describe the Golgi complex as?
Anastomosing threads
Where is the Golgi complex located in secretory cells?
Close to the centrosome
What is the primary function of the Golgi complex?
Processing and modifying proteins
In which cells is the Golgi complex prominent (well developed)?
Pancreas acinar cells
What is the primary function of N-linked oligosaccharides in glycoproteins?
Resistant to protease digestion and protect the intestinal epithelial cells
What is the consequence of the addition of sulfo groups to some proteins?
Strengthens protein–protein interactions
What is the primary role of the Golgi complex in macromolecule processing?
Modifying, sorting, and packaging macromolecules for secretion or use within the cell
What is the function of the M-6-P groups added to lysosomal proteins?
Facilitate lysosomal protein recognition by M6P-receptor proteins
What is the consequence of the sulfation of proteoglycans?
Strengthens protein–protein interactions
What is the primary function of the constitutive secretory pathway?
Unregulated protein secretion for continual use within the cell
Where does the synthesis of glycolipids and sphingomyelin occur?
Golgi apparatus
What is the primary role of the Golgi apparatus in lipid metabolism?
Synthesis of phospholipids and cholesterol
What is the consequence of the regulated secretory pathway?
Packaging of specialized secretory vesicles
What is the primary function of the cis and trans Golgi networks?
Protein sorting and packaging
What is the role of the Golgi apparatus in the synthesis of proteoglycans?
Modification and packaging of proteoglycans
What is the primary role of the Golgi complex in macromolecule processing?
Modification, sorting, and packaging of macromolecules
Study Notes
Structure and Function of Golgi Complex
- Animal cells typically contain 10 to 20 Golgi complexes per cell, which are flattened, membrane-enclosed, disc-shaped compartments called cisternae.
- The Golgi complex consists of four to six cisternae with tubular connections between them, forming a single complex.
- It contains three membrane-enclosed components: cisternae, small vesicles, and larger vacuoles.
- The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) sends proteins and lipids to the Golgi apparatus for modification and processing.
- The Golgi complex has two distinct poles, the cis-face (entry face) and trans-face (exit face), which are connected to special regions called cis and trans Golgi networks.
- It functions as a factory for processing, segregating, and distributing proteins to the plasma membrane, secretory vesicles, and lysosomes.
- The Golgi complex is compartmentalized with five functional regions, each containing different enzymes that modify proteins.
- Its primary function is the processing of proteins targeted for various cellular destinations and sorting and packaging them into specific transport vesicles.
- The Golgi complex is involved in glycosylation, modification of carbohydrates, proteolytic processing of protein precursors, glycolipid and sphingomyelin biosynthesis, and sorting of proteins.
- Proteins are modified step by step in the Golgi complex, with early processing enzymes located near the cis face and later processing enzymes toward the trans face.
- Glycosylation of proteins in the Golgi involves the modification and synthesis of carbohydrate portions of glycoproteins, including the addition and removal of specific sugar residues.
- Specific modifications occur in specific subcompartments of the Golgi, with different sugar molecules being added or deleted to modify the branched sugar structures found on newly formed proteins.
Structure and Function of Golgi Complex
- Animal cells typically contain 10 to 20 Golgi complexes per cell, which are flattened, membrane-enclosed, disc-shaped compartments called cisternae.
- The Golgi complex consists of four to six cisternae with tubular connections between them, forming a single complex.
- It contains three membrane-enclosed components: cisternae, small vesicles, and larger vacuoles.
- The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) sends proteins and lipids to the Golgi apparatus for modification and processing.
- The Golgi complex has two distinct poles, the cis-face (entry face) and trans-face (exit face), which are connected to special regions called cis and trans Golgi networks.
- It functions as a factory for processing, segregating, and distributing proteins to the plasma membrane, secretory vesicles, and lysosomes.
- The Golgi complex is compartmentalized with five functional regions, each containing different enzymes that modify proteins.
- Its primary function is the processing of proteins targeted for various cellular destinations and sorting and packaging them into specific transport vesicles.
- The Golgi complex is involved in glycosylation, modification of carbohydrates, proteolytic processing of protein precursors, glycolipid and sphingomyelin biosynthesis, and sorting of proteins.
- Proteins are modified step by step in the Golgi complex, with early processing enzymes located near the cis face and later processing enzymes toward the trans face.
- Glycosylation of proteins in the Golgi involves the modification and synthesis of carbohydrate portions of glycoproteins, including the addition and removal of specific sugar residues.
- Specific modifications occur in specific subcompartments of the Golgi, with different sugar molecules being added or deleted to modify the branched sugar structures found on newly formed proteins.
Test your knowledge of the Golgi complex with this quiz! Explore the structure and function of this important organelle, including its role in protein processing, glycosylation, and protein sorting. Gain insight into the various components and functional regions of the Golgi apparatus.
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