The Development of the Internet

The Development of the Internet

• The concept of an internet began during the Cold War in the 1960s.
• The US Army designed communications systems with computers that could withstand a possible nuclear attack.
• In 1969, ARPANET was established.
• ARPANET consisted of dozens of military sites linked across the USA.
• The military believed a larger network would be stronger in case of attack.
• In 1974, a common protocol called TCP/IP was established.
• In the late 1970s, people began using the network for various purposes, including university research and business.
• This marked the development of the idea of an international network.
• Until the early 1990s, the internet was primarily used for exchanging text.
• World Wide Web was introduced in 1991, enabling graphics, animation, video, and sound.
• Personal computers became more widely available in the 1990s, making the internet more accessible to people worldwide.
• By 2000, the internet was globally known and used.

Internet Telephony

• Internet Protocol (IP) is at the heart of internet telephony.
• IP is a language personal computers use to communicate with each other.
• It provides a faster and cheaper method of sending information.
• Data is broken down into digital packets and transmitted.
• Packets contain various types of data, such as text, video, and conversations.
• IP guides the network on how to read and send packets.
• Traditional phone calls create a direct circuit between phones.
• IP allows phones to send packets over a network for sorting and delivery by routers.

The Internet and its Core

• The internet is a worldwide computer network.
• The entire world utilizes the internet.
• It can be thought of as a global highway that connects computers across the world.
• The World Wide Web (WWW) is like the traffic on this highway, including video, music, downloading, and instant messaging, etc.
• The core of the internet comprises powerful computers called routers.
• Routers are connected to each other and other networks.
• Institutions often have direct internet access via their own servers.
• Users often access the internet through Internet Service Providers (ISPs).
• Data is divided into smaller pieces—packets—for efficient transmission.
• Packet switching is the method used to transmit data.
• Internet bandwidth indicates the data transmission speed per second.
• The internet helps people perform various tasks and run new applications.

Emails

• Sending an email is similar to sending a paper letter.
• Emails offer faster and cheaper communication than traditional mail.
• Emails can be sent to multiple recipients at once.
• Email messages can include attachments like files and images.
• To exchange emails, users need addresses for sending and receiving.
• Email inboxes are electronic folders for incoming messages.
• Emails are often marked in bold font when newly received.
• Emails can be obtained from Internet Service Providers (ISPs) or free web services.
• Email addresses consist of an identifier, the "@" symbol, and a domain.
• Email programs like Mozilla or Outlook are needed to use emails.

The World Wide Web (WWW)

• In the past, researching or writing involved physically going to a library.
• The World Wide Web (WWW) is relatively recent, only being 25 years old.
• The WWW organizes the internet's information into a collection of pages and images accessible online.
• The internet forms the highway, and the WWW is the traffic on it.
• Websites are collections of web pages.
• Pages include images and multimedia
• Websites allow users to access music, videos, and animations.

Search Engines

• Before search engines, users needed to know exact website addresses.
• Search engines like Google and Bing help find information quickly by typing keywords into a search box.
• Search engines have become popular due to their vast archives and fast search speeds.
• Results shown on Google are ranked by popularity.
• The more frequently a site is accessed, the higher it appears in search results.
• The term "google" has become a verb reflecting the use of Google's search function.